Good M I
Harvard Medical School, USA.
J Am Psychoanal Assoc. 1998;46(1):149-83. doi: 10.1177/000306519804600109.
Just as formerly recalled screen memories may be remembered again in the course of psychoanalysis, so new screen phenomena can arise during the treatment process. This paper attempts to relate the process of reconstruction and the occurrence of a type of screening. It is proposed that, under certain circumstances, psychoanalysis can result in a mutually determined screen construction that both patient and analyst consider convincing and valid but which may, for the most part, actually be untrue as a result of the screen function. Screen memories arising during the reconstructive process resemble the déjà vu and déjà raconté situation in that the experience is felt with certainty to have actually occurred previously, although a degree of doubt about its having happened can consciously or unconsciously coincide. Factors contributing to the formation of screen constructions include regressive aspects of the analytic situation; superego elements and the experience of an injunction to remember; the wish to witness what took place in the past; direct or indirect suggestive influence by the analyst; a defensive identification with the analyst; and the analyst's theoretical orientation to reconstruction. Like a screen memory having some veridical content yet serving a masking function, a screen construction can have elements of truth. At the same time such constructions may function as a strong resistance of compromise against intense erotic, sadomasochistic, or narcissistic themes in the transference/counter-transference that were painful or conflictual in the past. If screen constructions are assumed to be historically real or valid, they may not be analyzed for their transferential screening role. A previously published case involving a presumably repressed memory of sexual molestation is considered from the perspective of the possible development of a screen reconstruction. Clinical and scientific aspects of seeking extra-analytic confirmation or falsification of reconstructions are discussed.
正如之前唤起的屏幕记忆在精神分析过程中可能会再次被记起一样，新的屏幕现象也可能在治疗过程中出现。本文试图阐述重建过程与一种筛选类型的发生之间的关系。有人提出，在某些情况下，精神分析可能会导致一种由患者和分析师共同认定为令人信服且有效的屏幕构建，但由于屏幕功能的原因，在很大程度上它实际上可能并不真实。重建过程中出现的屏幕记忆类似于似曾相识和似曾讲述过的情境，即尽管对其是否真的发生过可能会有意识或无意识地存在一定怀疑，但人们却确定无疑地感觉这种经历以前确实发生过。促成屏幕构建形成的因素包括分析情境的退行方面；超我元素以及被要求回忆的经历；见证过去所发生之事的愿望；分析师直接或间接的暗示性影响；对分析师的防御性认同；以及分析师对重建的理论取向。就像具有一些真实内容却发挥着掩盖功能的屏幕记忆一样，屏幕构建也可能包含真实元素。与此同时，这种构建可能会作为一种强大的妥协性抵抗，抵御在过去曾令人痛苦或引发冲突的移情/反移情中强烈的色情、施虐受虐或自恋主题。如果认为屏幕构建在历史上是真实或有效的，那么它们可能不会因其移情性筛选作用而得到分析。本文从屏幕重建可能的发展角度，考量了一个先前发表的涉及疑似被压抑的性侵犯记忆的案例。文中还讨论了寻求对重建进行分析之外的确认或证伪的临床和科学方面的问题。
