Shiau S Y, Yu Y P
Department of Marine Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan 202 ROC.
J Nutr. 1998 May;128(5):908-12. doi: 10.1093/jn/128.5.908.
The effect of chitin, poly-beta-(1 --> 4)-N-acetyl-glucosamine, and chitosan, a polymer of glucosamine obtained by the deacetylation of chitin, on growth and nutrient digestibility was studied in grass shrimp, Penaeus monodon. Shrimp were fed for 8 wk diets containing no supplement (control) or 2, 5 or 10 g/100 g chitin or chitosan. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of shrimp with a mean initial body weight of 0.45 +/- 0.05 g. Significantly higher body weight gains were observed in shrimp fed the 5% chitin diet than in those fed the 10% chitin or the control diet. The weight gain of shrimp decreased as dietary chitosan supplementation level increased (r = 0. 87, P < 0.05). Feed efficiencies (FE) and protein efficiency ratios (PER) followed the same pattern. Lower protein and lipid digestibilities and lower body protein and lipid contents were observed in shrimp fed all chitosan-containing diets than in controls (P < 0.05). Carbohydrate digestibility was lower in shrimp fed the 10% chitosan diet than in those fed the control diet. Lower protein and lipid digestibilities, body lipid content and blood cholesterol concentration were observed in shrimp fed the 10% chitin diet compared with controls (P < 0.05). Higher weight gains, body lipid contents and blood cholesterol concentrations were observed in shrimp fed the 2 and 5% chitin diets than in those fed the chitosan diets. Shrimp fed the 5% chitin diet had higher protein and lipid digestibilities and higher body protein content than those fed the 5% chitosan diet (P < 0.05). These data suggest that dietary chitin, supplemented at 5%, enhances P. monodon growth, whereas chitosan depresses shrimp growth, regardless of the supplementation level.
研究了几丁质（聚-β-(1→4)-N-乙酰葡糖胺）以及壳聚糖（通过几丁质脱乙酰作用得到的葡糖胺聚合物）对斑节对虾生长和营养物质消化率的影响。给斑节对虾投喂8周不含补充剂的饲料（对照）或含2、5或10 g/100 g几丁质或壳聚糖的饲料。每种饲料投喂给平均初始体重为0.45±0.05 g的三组斑节对虾。投喂5%几丁质饲料的斑节对虾体重增加显著高于投喂10%几丁质或对照饲料的斑节对虾。随着饲料中壳聚糖添加水平的增加，斑节对虾的体重增加下降（r = 0.87，P < 0.05）。饲料效率（FE）和蛋白质效率比（PER）呈现相同模式。与对照组相比，投喂所有含壳聚糖饲料的斑节对虾蛋白质和脂质消化率较低，体蛋白和体脂含量也较低（P < 0.05）。投喂10%壳聚糖饲料的斑节对虾碳水化合物消化率低于投喂对照饲料的斑节对虾。与对照组相比，投喂10%几丁质饲料的斑节对虾蛋白质和脂质消化率较低，体脂含量和血液胆固醇浓度也较低（P < 0.05）。投喂2%和5%几丁质饲料的斑节对虾体重增加、体脂含量和血液胆固醇浓度高于投喂壳聚糖饲料的斑节对虾。投喂5%几丁质饲料的斑节对虾蛋白质和脂质消化率较高，体蛋白含量高于投喂5%壳聚糖饲料的斑节对虾（P < 0.05）。这些数据表明，添加5%的饲料几丁质可促进斑节对虾生长，而壳聚糖则抑制虾生长，且与添加水平无关。
