Munjack D J, Staples F R
J Nerv Ment Dis. 1976 Aug;163(2):117-23. doi: 10.1097/00005053-197608000-00006.
Traditional psychiatric thought has equated the inability of a female to obtain an orgasm (particularly a vaginal orgasm during intercourse) with psychological maladjustment. The research literature generally does not support this position. The present paper describes the psychological characteristics of 44 frigid women who applied for treatment of their sexual problem at two university hospital sex clinics and 26 women selected for treatment by the same criterion, but treated in private practice. Presented for comparison are 53 female neurotics from a Temple University Hospital psychotherapy study, a sample of 65 consecutive female walk-ins of mixed psychiatric diagnosis from the Psychiatric Outpatient Clinic of Temple Hospital, and a group of 35 female college student sophomores from Temple University who comprised the normal sample. A battery of psychological tests including the MMPI, the Institute for Personality and Ability Testing--Self-Evaluation Form (IPAT), the Symptom Check List, and the Eysenck Personality Inventory were given to each group. The data indicate that female patients who apply to a sex dysfunction clinic, complaining primarily of sexual inhibition, appear as a group identical to a normal control group in terms of their psychological profile and less neurotic than psychiatric outpatients, with the exception that the normals were less depressed. When women with primary orgasmic dysfunction from the above three samples were combined and compared to those with secondary orgasmic dysfunction (using Masters and Johnson's criterion), the groups were identical, at least from a global psychological perspective. We suggest that little else can be gained by assessing global personality characteristics. Without discarding the primary and secondary classifications a potentially more fruitful approach would be to develop instruments that would measure specific dimensions, such as sexual misinformation, specific sexual anxiety or guilt, or resentment or hostility directed toward the immediate sexual partner. A scale to measure specific phobic-like sexual anxiety, in addition, would have treatment implications because of the recently demonstrated effectiveness of specific anxiety-reducing techniques, such as systematic desensitization. Specific scales can also be useful in the assessment and prediction of outcome in psychotherapy.
传统的精神病学观点认为，女性无法达到性高潮（尤其是性交过程中的阴道高潮）等同于心理失调。研究文献总体上并不支持这一观点。本文描述了44名在两家大学医院性诊所申请治疗性问题的性冷淡女性以及按照相同标准挑选但在私人诊所接受治疗的26名女性的心理特征。作为比较对象的有：来自天普大学医院心理治疗研究的53名女性神经症患者、天普医院精神科门诊连续65名混合精神科诊断的女性初诊患者，以及由天普大学35名大二女大学生组成的正常样本组。对每个组都进行了一系列心理测试，包括明尼苏达多项人格测验（MMPI）、人格与能力测试研究所自我评估表（IPAT）、症状自评量表以及艾森克人格问卷。数据表明，主要抱怨性抑制而申请性功能障碍诊所的女性患者群体，在心理特征方面与正常对照组相同，并且比精神科门诊患者的神经质程度更低，只是正常组的抑郁程度更低。当将上述三个样本中患有原发性性高潮功能障碍的女性与患有继发性性高潮功能障碍的女性（采用马斯特斯和约翰逊的标准）合并并进行比较时，至少从整体心理角度来看，这两组是相同的。我们认为，评估整体人格特征收获不大。在不摒弃原发性和继发性分类的情况下，一种可能更有成效的方法是开发能够测量特定维度的工具，比如性错误信息、特定的性焦虑或内疚感，或者针对直接性伴侣的怨恨或敌意。此外，由于最近已证明特定的焦虑减轻技术（如系统脱敏法）有效，用于测量特定恐惧症样性焦虑的量表会对治疗有启示作用。特定量表在心理治疗的评估和结果预测中也可能有用。
