Russell B A, Cerny F J, Stathopoulos E T
State University of New York, College at Fredonia, 14063, USA.
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 1998 Apr;41(2):239-48. doi: 10.1044/jslhr.4102.239.
This study was completed to determine how ventilatory responses change by means of speech reading at three different sound pressure levels (SPL) as compared to quiet breathing prior to each task. The energy required to alter SPL was also studied and compared to energy expenditures during a quiet breathing condition. Twenty-four adults (12 women, 12 men) were studied while reading a standard passage at low, comfortable, and high SPLs for 7 minutes with quiet breathing periods between each task to achieve respiratory steady state and serve as a control to which the reading tasks were compared. The last 2 minutes of exhaled air for all speaking and quiet breathing tasks were collected using a Hans Rudolph mouth breathing face mask. A Sensor Medics Vmax 29 series diagnostic instrument system measured all ventilatory responses and energy expenditures. Volume and timing alterations in ventilation were characterized by measuring tidal volume (V[T]), inspiratory time (T[I]), inspiratory flow rate (V[T]/T[I]), and expiratory time (T[E]). Average ventilation, energy expenditure, and adequacy of ventilation were measured using minute ventilation (V[E]), oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), and partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide (end-tidal PET[CO2]). Results indicated volume, timing, ventilation, and energy expenditure values remained closest to quiet breathing values for the comfortable SPL. Volume, ventilation, and energy expenditure were significantly greater for the high SPL and lower for the low SPL, compared to the baseline steady state, indicating that the low SPL causes a ventilatory deficit that was found to be paid back at the end of the speech task during the quiet breathing period. These results demonstrate that an individual's comfortable SPL is the least energy-requiring way to speech breathe. As SPL rises above or below comfortable SPL, speech breathing requires more energy.
本研究旨在确定与每项任务前的安静呼吸相比，在三种不同声压级（SPL）下通过唇读时通气反应如何变化。还研究了改变声压级所需的能量，并与安静呼吸状态下的能量消耗进行比较。对24名成年人（12名女性，12名男性）进行了研究，他们在低、舒适和高声压级下朗读一篇标准文章7分钟，每项任务之间有安静呼吸期，以达到呼吸稳定状态，并作为与朗读任务进行比较的对照。使用汉斯·鲁道夫口鼻面罩收集所有朗读和安静呼吸任务最后2分钟的呼出气体。使用Sensor Medics Vmax 29系列诊断仪器系统测量所有通气反应和能量消耗。通过测量潮气量（V[T]）、吸气时间（T[I]）、吸气流速（V[T]/T[I]）和呼气时间（T[E]）来表征通气的量和时间变化。使用分钟通气量（V[E]）、耗氧量（VO2）、二氧化碳产生量（VCO2）和呼气末二氧化碳分压（呼气末PET[CO2]）来测量平均通气量、能量消耗和通气充足性。结果表明，对于舒适声压级，量、时间、通气和能量消耗值最接近安静呼吸值。与基线稳定状态相比，高声压级时的量、通气和能量消耗显著更高，低声压级时更低，这表明低声压级会导致通气不足，而在安静呼吸期的言语任务结束时会得到弥补。这些结果表明，个体舒适的声压级是言语呼吸时能量需求最少的方式。当声压级高于或低于舒适声压级时，言语呼吸需要更多能量。
