Langsten R, Hill K
Social Research Center, American University in Cairo, Egypt.
Soc Sci Med. 1998 May;46(9):1205-12. doi: 10.1016/s0277-9536(97)10049-1.
Estimates of immunization coverage in developing countries are typically made on a "card plus history" basis, combining information obtained from vaccination cards with information from mothers' reports, for children for whom such cards are not available. A recent survey in rural lower Egypt was able to test the accuracy of mothers' reports for a subset of children whose cards were not seen at round 1 of the survey but were seen a year later at round 3. Comparisons of the unsubstantiated reports at round 1 with information recorded from cards seen at round 3 indicate that mothers' reports are of very high quality; mothers' reports at round 1 were confirmed by card data at round 3 for between 83 and 93%, depending on vaccine, of children aged 12-23 months, and for 88 to 98% of children aged 24-35 months. Mothers of children who had not been vaccinated were more likely to give consistent responses than were mothers of vaccinated children. Thus, these "card plus history" estimates slightly understate true coverage levels. Most of the inconsistencies between round 1 and round 3 data apparently arose from interviewer or data processing error rather than from misreporting by mothers.
发展中国家的免疫接种覆盖率估计通常基于“卡片加记录”的方式，即把从接种卡获得的信息与母亲报告的信息相结合，针对那些没有接种卡的儿童。埃及下埃及农村地区最近的一项调查能够检验母亲报告对于一部分儿童的准确性，这些儿童在调查第一轮时没看到接种卡，但在一年后的第三轮时看到了。将第一轮未经证实的报告与第三轮看到的接种卡记录的信息进行比较表明，母亲的报告质量非常高；第一轮母亲的报告在第三轮被接种卡数据证实，12至23个月大的儿童中，这一比例在83%至93%之间，具体取决于疫苗，24至35个月大的儿童中这一比例为88%至98%。未接种疫苗儿童的母亲比接种疫苗儿童的母亲更有可能给出一致的回答。因此，这些“卡片加记录”的估计略微低估了实际覆盖率水平。第一轮和第三轮数据之间的大多数不一致显然是由访员或数据处理错误引起的，而不是母亲误报。
