AbuDhaise B A, Rabi A Z, al Zwairy M A, el Hader A F, el Qaderi S
Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Sciences and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 1997;10(4):417-28.
Respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function were studied in a cross-sectional survey of 348 Portland cement workers in Jordan. The workers were differently exposed to dust for at least 3 years. The geometric means +/- SE of respiratory cement dust concentrations were 0.5 +/- 2.1, 1.6 +/- 2.61 and 3.9 +/- 4.02 mg/m3 in the three determined levels of exposure, respectively. About 42% of the workers reported various chronic respiratory symptoms, but cough, dyspnea, and asthma were most prevalent (18.7%, 17.5% and 15.8%, respectively). The prevalence of respiratory symptoms did not tend to increase with tenure. Asthma was significantly associated with the age of 30-39 years and showed a proportionate association with exposure level. Smokers had higher rates of symptoms than non-smokers. Rates of cough, phlegm, and wheeze increased proportionally to the number of cigarettes smoked per day. Overall pulmonary function indices were normal. When the independent variables were fit into a regression model, age significantly affected FEV1/FVC and current smoking affected FEF25-75%. It is concluded that inhalation of cement dust irritates the respiratory tree without markedly affecting lung function, and smoking aggravates this effect.
在约旦对348名波特兰水泥工人进行的横断面调查中，研究了他们的呼吸道症状和肺功能。这些工人至少3年接触不同程度的粉尘。在三个确定的接触水平下，呼吸道水泥粉尘浓度的几何平均值±标准误分别为0.5±2.1、1.6±2.61和3.9±4.02mg/m³。约42%的工人报告有各种慢性呼吸道症状，其中咳嗽、呼吸困难和哮喘最为常见（分别为18.7%、17.5%和15.8%）。呼吸道症状的患病率并未随工作年限增加而上升。哮喘与30 - 39岁年龄显著相关，且与接触水平呈比例关系。吸烟者的症状发生率高于非吸烟者。咳嗽、咳痰和喘息的发生率与每日吸烟量成正比。总体肺功能指标正常。当将自变量纳入回归模型时，年龄显著影响第一秒用力呼气容积/用力肺活量（FEV1/FVC），而当前吸烟情况影响25% - 75%用力呼气流量（FEF25 - 75%）。研究得出结论，吸入水泥粉尘会刺激呼吸道，但对肺功能无明显影响，而吸烟会加重这种影响。
