Giordano P C, Cernkovich S A, Groat H T, Pugh M D, Swinford S P
Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University, Ohio 43403, USA.
J Health Soc Behav. 1998 Mar;39(1):55-71.
While differing in etiological emphasis, a variety of theoretical perspectives seem to coalesce around the notion that youthful friendships are "good" for development. Sociometric studies have documented that low status youth are at risk for a variety of negative outcomes, but there has been little longitudinal research focused on the qualities of youths' relations with peers. We conducted interviews focusing on adolescents' relations with their friends with 942 adolescents in 1982. In 1992, follow-up interviews (N = 620) allowed us to determine whether level of intimacy with friends was associated with a range of adult outcomes, once sociodemographic characteristics and level of family intimacy were taken into account. Adolescents who reported greater levels of intimacy with friends do not, as adults, indicate that they have significantly higher self-esteem, better relations with their parents, or increased marital satisfaction. In addition, the level of intimacy is not related to adult reports of psychological distress, involvement in criminal activity, or use of violence against one's spouse. In contrast, sociodemographic characteristics and level of attachment to parents are related to many of these kinds of outcomes. We also discuss implications for attachment or relational perspectives on youthful friendship.
尽管在病因重点方面存在差异，但各种理论观点似乎都围绕着一个观念汇聚，即青少年时期的友谊对发展“有益”。社会测量学研究表明，地位低下的青少年面临各种负面结果的风险，但很少有纵向研究关注青少年与同龄人关系的特质。1982年，我们对942名青少年进行了访谈，重点关注他们与朋友的关系。1992年的随访访谈（N = 620）使我们能够确定，在考虑了社会人口统计学特征和家庭亲密程度之后，与朋友的亲密程度是否与一系列成人结果相关。报告与朋友有更高亲密程度的青少年成年后，并未表明他们有显著更高的自尊、与父母的关系更好或婚姻满意度更高。此外，亲密程度与成人报告的心理困扰、参与犯罪活动或对配偶使用暴力无关。相比之下，社会人口统计学特征和对父母的依恋程度与许多这类结果相关。我们还讨论了对青少年友谊的依恋或关系视角的启示。
