Rost R
Institut für Kreislaufforschung und Sportmedizin der Deutschen Sporthochschule Köln. @HRZ.DSHS-KOELN.DE
Z Arztl Fortbild Qualitatssich. 1998 Mar;92(2):85-91.
In opposite to adults, exercise and sports are natural elements in the life of children and adolescents. However, they gain new aspects in the modern achievement-oriented society. The competitive sports are moving more and more towards the children's and adolescents's age. Additionally, sport should be done early during live for prevention of civilization diseases later on. Finally, physical therapy gains growing importance in the therapy and rehabilitation of children and adolescents. As to strength, children are not just 'small adults'. In children, the physical capacity in the aerobic range is larger and in the anaerobic range is smaller than in adults. The question of trainability and talent, respectively, plays an important role in the competitive sport as well as in the consultation of children for their sport career. The danger of the child during sport is discussed from the view of internal and orthopedic medicine. Concepts of sports medical preventions are derived from this discussion. The question of sports with pre-existing diseases in children and adolescents is only marginally discussed.
与成年人不同，运动和体育是儿童和青少年生活中的自然组成部分。然而，在现代以成就为导向的社会中，它们有了新的层面。竞技体育正越来越多地向儿童和青少年年龄段发展。此外，为预防日后的文明病，应在生命早期就进行体育活动。最后，物理治疗在儿童和青少年的治疗与康复中变得越来越重要。就力量而言，儿童并非只是“小成年人”。儿童在有氧范围内的身体能力比成年人更大，而在无氧范围内则比成年人更小。可训练性和天赋问题在竞技体育以及为儿童的体育生涯提供咨询方面都起着重要作用。从内科和骨科医学的角度讨论了儿童在运动中的危险。基于此讨论得出了运动医学预防的概念。对于患有既往疾病的儿童和青少年参与运动的问题，只是略有讨论。
