Baker M M
Virginia Mason Clinic, Port Angeles, Washington, USA.
J Womens Health. 1998 Apr;7(3):343-9. doi: 10.1089/jwh.1998.7.343.
The normal anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is critical to knee joint stability, especially for athletes in cutting sports. Rupture of the ACL can be a devastating, if not career-ending, injury for a young athlete because of the resultant instability and increased risk of meniscal and chondral damage. Considerably more girls and women than ever before now participate in athletics. Some epidemiologic data show that female athletes may sustain a higher incidence of ACL injuries than male athletes. Risk factors that may be responsible for these increased injury rates are reviewed. History and physical examination are most important in establishing the diagnosis of ACL injury, although ancillary diagnostic imaging is helpful if the extent of injury is in question. Treatment options, including various surgical reconstructions and rehabilitation, are discussed, with attention to the specific concerns of the female athlete. With appropriate diagnosis and treatment, the ACL-injured athlete may now anticipate full return to function and athletic competition.
正常的前交叉韧带（ACL）对膝关节稳定性至关重要，对于从事切入类运动的运动员而言尤为如此。ACL断裂对于年轻运动员来说可能是一种极具破坏性的损伤，即便不会终结其运动生涯，因为由此产生的膝关节不稳定会增加半月板和软骨损伤的风险。如今，参与体育运动的女孩和女性比以往任何时候都多得多。一些流行病学数据表明，女性运动员ACL损伤的发生率可能高于男性运动员。本文对可能导致这些损伤率增加的风险因素进行了综述。虽然在损伤程度存疑时辅助诊断成像会有所帮助，但病史和体格检查对于确立ACL损伤的诊断最为重要。本文讨论了包括各种手术重建和康复在内的治疗选择，并关注了女性运动员的特殊问题。通过适当的诊断和治疗，ACL损伤的运动员现在有望完全恢复功能并重返体育比赛。
