Olivier I, Audiffren M, Ripoll H
Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Université de Poitiers, France.
J Exp Child Psychol. 1998 Apr;69(1):49-65. doi: 10.1006/jecp.1998.2433.
This article investigates the mechanisms underlying the age-related differences in information processing in the production of motor responses, especially the development of feedforward mechanisms. No age-related differences have emerged from developmental studies aiming at analyzing motor programming. Nevertheless, age effects have seldom been studied in function of motor preparation. The aim of the present experiment was (1) to study age differences in motor preparation, and (2) to validate the early maturation of movement parameters specification. Two conditions were used (1) no advanced information on the movement to be made was given to the subject (neutral prime), and (2) advanced information on which direction should be followed was provided to the subject, allowing him to prepare a response based on a prime (primed condition). Four age groups were studied 6, 8, 10 and 22 years. Our results showed mainly an early maturation of the programming processes. More specifically, (1) beyond 6 years of age, children are capable of using the information provided by the prime to prepare their movement in advance, (2) costs and benefits of pre-programming do not vary significantly with age, (3) deprogramming-reprogramming of effector and direction is quite similar across the four age groups.
本文研究了运动反应产生过程中信息处理方面与年龄相关差异的潜在机制，特别是前馈机制的发展。旨在分析运动编程的发育研究中未出现与年龄相关的差异。然而，很少有研究从运动准备功能的角度探讨年龄效应。本实验的目的是：（1）研究运动准备中的年龄差异；（2）验证运动参数设定的早期成熟情况。实验采用了两种条件：（1）不给受试者提供关于即将进行的运动的提前信息（中性启动）；（2）向受试者提供关于应遵循哪个方向的提前信息，使其能够基于启动信息准备反应（启动条件）。研究了四个年龄组，分别为6岁、8岁、10岁和22岁。我们的结果主要表明编程过程的早期成熟。更具体地说：（1）6岁以上儿童能够利用启动信息提前准备运动；（2）预编程的成本和收益在各年龄组之间没有显著差异；（3）四个年龄组中效应器和方向的去编程-重新编程非常相似。
