Viadana E, Bross I D, Pickren J W
Neoplasma. 1976;23(3):323-32.
This research was performed on 66 autopsy reports of kidney cancers and 58 autopsy reports of prostate cancers. Two alternative hypotheses were tested, i.e. whether metastases spread at random from the primary tumor throughout the body or whether the metastatic spread occurs in steps, referred to as a cascade spread, requiring one or more disseminating sites. It was found that in cancer of the prostate two disseminating sites exist, i.e. bones and lungs. Metastases from the primary tumor appear first in the skeleton and then in the lungs, not vice versa. In cancer of the kidney, the lungs are the major disseminating site. The lymphatic areas did not seem to play a major role in the dissemination of both cancers; on the contrary, the presence of metastases in the lymph nodes seem to depend on the presence of carcinomatous cells in key sites, i.e. the skeleton and the lungs. These results, however, should be interpreted with caution, as explained in the text. Considerations were proposed for future research.
这项研究基于66份肾癌尸检报告和58份前列腺癌尸检报告展开。检验了两种备择假设，即转移灶是从原发肿瘤随机扩散至全身，还是以一种被称为级联扩散的逐步方式发生转移，这需要一个或多个播散位点。研究发现，在前列腺癌中存在两个播散位点，即骨骼和肺部。原发肿瘤的转移灶首先出现在骨骼，然后出现在肺部，而非相反。在肾癌中，肺部是主要的播散位点。淋巴区域在这两种癌症的扩散中似乎并未起主要作用；相反，淋巴结中转移灶的存在似乎取决于关键部位（即骨骼和肺部）是否存在癌细胞。然而，如文中所解释的，这些结果应谨慎解读。文中还提出了对未来研究的思考。
