García Vera C, Galve Royo F, Peñascal Pujol E, Rubio Sevillano F, Olmedillas Alvaro M J
Centro de Salud Teruel.
An Esp Pediatr. 1997 Nov;47(5):473-7.
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the frequency of acute otitis media (OMA) in our city (urban population) during the first year of life and its relationship to some risk factors.
This is a retrospective study of 240 children. We collected information about risk factors (sex, gestational age, birthweight, duration of breastfeeding, older siblings, parental smoking and nursery care). We related these to the number of OMA episodes during the first year of life.
Of the infants studied 40% had suffered at least one episode of OMA during the first year of life. There was a higher incidence during winter and spring. Three out of every four episodes occurred after six months of age. The incidence of OMA was strongly associated to whether there were older siblings (odds ratio: 1.98) and to the male sex (odds ratio: 1.98). Children in the breastfed group (exclusive breastfeeding for at least 5 months) have less otitis episodes than the milk-adapted formula group, but the difference was not statistically different (0.41 +/- 0.68 vs 0.69 +/- 1.01 episodes; p = 0.11).
In our report, the only risk factor strongly related with OMA in suckling infants are the presence of older siblings and the male sex. Breastfeeding did not have a protective effect in comparison to commercial formula, although a prospective study might be of interest for further addressing this issue.
本研究旨在评估我市（城市人口）一岁以内儿童急性中耳炎（OMA）的发病频率及其与一些危险因素的关系。
这是一项对240名儿童的回顾性研究。我们收集了有关危险因素的信息（性别、胎龄、出生体重、母乳喂养时间、年长同胞、父母吸烟情况及托儿所护理情况）。我们将这些因素与一岁以内OMA发作次数相关联。
在研究的婴儿中，40%在一岁以内至少患过一次OMA。冬春季节发病率较高。每四次发作中有三次发生在六个月龄之后。OMA的发病率与是否有年长同胞（优势比：1.98）及男性性别（优势比：1.98）密切相关。母乳喂养组（至少纯母乳喂养5个月）的耳部感染发作次数少于奶粉喂养组，但差异无统计学意义（0.41±0.68次 vs 0.69±1.01次；p = 0.11）。
在我们的报告中，与哺乳期婴儿OMA密切相关的唯一危险因素是有年长同胞和男性性别。与商业配方奶粉相比，母乳喂养没有起到保护作用，不过进一步探讨这个问题可能需要进行前瞻性研究。
