Duncan B, Ey J, Holberg C J, Wright A L, Martinez F D, Taussig L M
Department of Pediatrics, Steele Memorial Children's Research Center, Tucson, AZ 85724.
Pediatrics. 1993 May;91(5):867-72.
This study was designed to assess the relation of exclusive breast-feeding, independent of recognized risk factors, to acute and recurrent otitis media in the first 12 months of life.
Records of 1220 infants who used a health maintenance organization and who were followed during their first year of life as part of the Tucson Children's Respiratory Study were reviewed. Detailed prospective information about the duration and exclusiveness of breast-feeding was obtained, as was information relative to potential risk factors (socioeconomic status, gender, number of siblings, use of day care, maternal smoking, and family history of allergy). Acute otitis media and recurrent otitis media, defined as three or more episodes of acute otitis media in a 6-month period or four episodes in 12 months, were the outcome variables.
Of the 1013 infants followed for their entire first year, 476 (47%) had at least one episode of otitis and 169 (17%) had recurrent otitis media. Infants exclusively breast-fed for 4 or more months had half the mean number of acute otitis media episodes as did those not breastfed at all and 40% less than those infants whose diets were supplemented with other foods prior to 4 months. The recurrent otitis media rate in infants exclusively breast-fed for 6 months or more was 10% and was 20.5% in those infants who breast-fed for less than 4 months. This protection was independent of the risk factors considered.
These findings suggest that exclusive breast-feeding of 4 or more months protected infants from single and recurrent episodes of otitis media.
本研究旨在评估纯母乳喂养（独立于公认的风险因素）与生命最初12个月内急性和复发性中耳炎之间的关系。
回顾了1220名使用健康维护组织的婴儿的记录，这些婴儿作为图森儿童呼吸研究的一部分在其生命的第一年接受了随访。获得了有关母乳喂养持续时间和纯母乳喂养情况的详细前瞻性信息，以及与潜在风险因素（社会经济地位、性别、兄弟姐妹数量、日托使用情况、母亲吸烟以及过敏家族史）相关的信息。急性中耳炎和复发性中耳炎（定义为6个月内发生三次或更多次急性中耳炎发作或12个月内发生四次发作）为观察变量。
在1013名随访了整个第一年的婴儿中，476名（47%）至少有一次中耳炎发作，169名（17%）有复发性中耳炎。纯母乳喂养4个月或更长时间的婴儿急性中耳炎发作的平均次数是完全没有母乳喂养婴儿的一半，比那些在4个月前饮食中添加了其他食物的婴儿少40%。纯母乳喂养6个月或更长时间的婴儿复发性中耳炎发生率为10%，而母乳喂养少于4个月的婴儿为20.5%。这种保护作用独立于所考虑的风险因素。
这些发现表明，纯母乳喂养4个月或更长时间可保护婴儿免受单次和复发性中耳炎的影响。
