Asher M A
Orthop Clin North Am. 1976 Jul;7(3):583-91.
Traumatic dislocations and subluxations of the upper extremity in children have been surveyed. The elbow joint is most commonly dislocated and is dislocated more frequently in children than in adults. Severe neurovascular injury may be associated with dislocation of this joint. The most common subluxation is that of the radial head, secondary to a "pulled elbow." Otherwise dislocations and subluxations of the upper extremity are uncommon in children, apparently because of the relative weakness of the epiphyseal plate. Most of these injuries are the result of predictable indirect forces. Principles of reduction and immobilization are based on the unique anatomic structure of the joint involved and the known anatomic disruption resulting from the trauma.
对儿童上肢创伤性脱位和半脱位进行了调查。肘关节是最常发生脱位的关节，且儿童肘关节脱位比成人更常见。严重的神经血管损伤可能与该关节脱位有关。最常见的半脱位是桡骨头半脱位，继发于“牵拉肘”。除此之外，上肢脱位和半脱位在儿童中并不常见，这显然是由于骨骺板相对较弱。这些损伤大多是可预测的间接暴力所致。复位和固定原则基于所涉及关节的独特解剖结构以及创伤导致的已知解剖结构破坏。
