Quality and safety of platelet apheresis concentrates produced with a new leukocyte reduction system.

OBJECTIVES

Contaminating white blood cells (WBC) in apheresis platelet concentrates (PC) can cause a variety of adverse effects after platelet transfusion. To obtain PCs with low WBC contamination, a new leukoreduction system (LRS) utilizing 'fluidized particle bed' technology has recently been introduced.

METHODS

We prospectively examined the effect of LRS apheresis on the donor, the quality of the resulting PCs (n = 120), and the platelet increment in the corresponding recipients. Conventionally prepared apheresis PCs served as control group (n = 27). Platelet glycoproteins were examined by flow cytometry.

RESULTS

In LRS apheresis, we observed no serious adverse effects on the donors, but the postdonation absolute lymphocyte counts were reduced from 1,787 +/- 505/microliter to 1,405 +/- 383/microliter (p < 0.001). Comparable results were seen in non-LRS donors. The collection efficiency of the LRS procedures was 50.0 +/- 7.6%, resulting in a yield of 4.3 +/- 1.0 x 10(11) platelets/PC. In flow cytometry, platelet glycoproteins in LRS PCs were not elevated: mean fluorescence of CD62 (6 +/- 4) or CD63 (9 +/- 3) in comparison with non-LRS PCs (mean fluorescence of CD62: 7 +/- 4, CD63: 8 +/- 3). Median leukocyte contamination of the LRS PCs was 0.41 x 10(5) (range 0.07-8.5) WBCs/unit. In 43 recipients, the 24-hour corrected count increments after transfusion of LRS PCs (12,530 +/- 8,761) were essentially the same as those of 20 recipients of non-LRS PCs (13,133 +/- 9,812; p = 0.75).

CONCLUSIONS

LRS apheresis appears to be a safe procedure, which produced effective PCs with few contaminating leukocytes. With new apheresis technology, filtration of PCs may become superfluous.