Holodny A I, George A E, Golomb J, de Leon M J, Kalnin A J
Department of Radiology, New York University Medical Center, New York, USA.
Radiographics. 1998 May-Jun;18(3):653-65. doi: 10.1148/radiographics.18.3.9599389.
Understanding the three-dimensional anatomy of the perihippocampal fissures (PHFs) can be helpful in making the correct diagnosis of diseases of the mesial temporal lobe. Disorders of the parenchyma and cerebrospinal fluid spaces are reflected by specific changes in the PHFs. A marker for Alzheimer disease and mesial temporal sclerosis is atrophy of the hippocampus and associated dilatation of the PHFs. This finding is best visualized on coronal magnetic resonance images but can and should be appreciated on routine computed tomographic scans. Hydrocephalus is characterized by dilatation of the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle without dilatation of the transverse fissure and its extensions. Normal-pressure hydrocephalus can usually be distinguished from Alzheimer disease on the basis of the pattern of dilatation of the PHFs. Understanding the anatomy of the PHFs often makes it possible to better characterize the extents of intra- and extraaxial tumors of the mesial temporal lobe.
了解海马旁裂（PHF）的三维解剖结构有助于对颞叶内侧疾病做出正确诊断。实质和脑脊液间隙的病变通过PHF的特定变化得以体现。阿尔茨海默病和颞叶内侧硬化的一个标志是海马萎缩及相关的PHF扩张。这一发现最好在冠状位磁共振图像上显示，但在常规计算机断层扫描中也能够且应该被识别。脑积水的特征是侧脑室颞角扩张，而横裂及其延伸部分不扩张。通常可根据PHF的扩张模式将正常压力脑积水与阿尔茨海默病区分开来。了解PHF的解剖结构常常能够更好地确定颞叶内侧轴内和轴外肿瘤的范围。
