Lowenkron B
Department of Psychology, California State University, Los Angeles 90032, USA.
J Exp Anal Behav. 1998 May;69(3):327-54. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1998.69-327.
Constructing a behavioral account of the language-related performances that characterize responding to logical and symbolic relations between stimuli is commonly viewed as a problem for the area of stimulus control. In response to this problem, the notion of joint control is presented here, and its ability to provide an interpretative account of these kinds of performances is explored. Joint control occurs when the currently rehearsed topography of a verbal operant, as evoked by one stimulus, is simultaneously evoked by another stimulus. This event, the onset of joint stimulus control by two stimuli over a common response topography, then sets the occasion for a response appropriate to this special relation between the stimuli. Although the mechanism described is simple, it seems to have broad explanatory properties. In what follows, these properties are applied to provide a behavioral interpretation of two sorts of fundamental, putatively cognitive, performances: those based on logical relations and those based on semantic relations. The first includes responding to generalized conceptual relations such as identity, order, relative size, distance, and orientation. The second includes responding to relations usually ascribed to word meaning. These include relations between words and objects, the specification of objects by words, name-object bidirectionality, and the recognition of objects from their description. Finally, as a preview of some further possibilities, the role of joint control in goal-oriented behavior is considered briefly.
构建一种行为解释，以说明那些对刺激之间的逻辑和符号关系做出反应的语言相关行为表现，通常被视为刺激控制领域的一个问题。针对这个问题，本文提出了联合控制的概念，并探讨了其对这类行为表现提供解释性说明的能力。当由一种刺激引发的言语操作的当前演练形式同时被另一种刺激引发时，就会出现联合控制。这一事件，即两种刺激对共同反应形式的联合刺激控制的开始，随后为适合刺激之间这种特殊关系的反应创造了条件。尽管所描述的机制很简单，但它似乎具有广泛的解释特性。在接下来的内容中，这些特性将被用于对两种基本的、假定为认知的行为表现提供行为解释：那些基于逻辑关系的表现和那些基于语义关系的表现。第一种包括对诸如同一性、顺序、相对大小、距离和方向等广义概念关系的反应。第二种包括对通常归因于词义的关系的反应。这些关系包括词与对象之间的关系、用词对对象的描述、名称 - 对象的双向性以及根据描述识别对象。最后，作为对一些进一步可能性的预览，简要考虑了联合控制在目标导向行为中的作用。
