Kladopoulos C N, Brown B L, Hemmes N S, Cabeza de Vaca S
Department of Psychology, Queens College-CUNY, Flushing 11367, USA.
Percept Psychophys. 1998 Apr;60(3):438-50. doi: 10.3758/bf03206865.
In four experiments investigating human timing, subjects produced estimates of sample durations by bracketing their endpoints. On each trial, subjects reproduced a sample duration by pressing a button before the estimated sample duration elapsed (start time) and releasing it after the estimated duration elapsed (stop time). From these responses, middle time (start + stop/2) and spread time (stop - start) were calculated, representing the point of subjective equality and the difference limen, respectively. In all experiments, subjects produced middle times that varied directly with sample duration. In Experiment 2, middle times lengthened when feedback was withheld. Consistent with Weber timing, spread times, as well as the standard deviation of middle times, varied directly with middle time (Experiments 1, 3, and 4). On the basis of an internal clock model of timing (Gibbon & Church, 1990), the data permitted inferences regarding memory processes and response threshold. Correlations between start and stop times and between start and spread times agreed with earlier findings in animals suggesting that the variance of temporal estimates across trials is based in part upon the selection of a single temporal memory sample from a reference memory store and upon one or two threshold samples for initiating and terminating each estimate within a trial.
在四项研究人类时间判断的实验中，受试者通过确定样本持续时间的端点来进行估计。在每次试验中，受试者通过在估计的样本持续时间过去之前按下按钮（开始时间），并在估计的持续时间过去之后松开按钮（停止时间）来重现样本持续时间。根据这些反应，计算出中间时间（开始时间+停止时间/2）和跨度时间（停止时间-开始时间），分别代表主观相等点和差别阈限。在所有实验中，受试者产生的中间时间与样本持续时间直接相关。在实验2中，当不提供反馈时，中间时间会延长。与韦伯时间规律一致，跨度时间以及中间时间的标准差与中间时间直接相关（实验1、3和4）。基于时间判断的内部时钟模型（吉本和丘奇，1990），这些数据允许对记忆过程和反应阈值进行推断。开始时间与停止时间之间以及开始时间与跨度时间之间的相关性与早期在动物身上的发现一致，表明试验中时间估计的方差部分基于从参考记忆存储中选择单个时间记忆样本以及基于一个或两个阈值样本，用于在一次试验中启动和终止每个估计。
