有时,较大的视觉刺激会被感知为持续时间更长:内部时钟不受非时间性视觉刺激大小的影响。

Larger visual stimuli are perceived to last longer from time to time: The internal clock is not affected by nontemporal visual stimulus size.

作者信息

Rammsayer Thomas H, Verner Martin

机构信息

Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland Center for Cognition, Learning, and Memory, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.

Institute for Educational Evaluation, Associated Institute of the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

出版信息

J Vis. 2015 Mar 10;15(3):5. doi: 10.1167/15.3.5.

Abstract

Performance on interval timing is often explained by the assumption of an internal clock based on neural counting. According to this account, a neural pacemaker generates pulses, and the number of pulses relating to a physical time interval is recorded by a counter. Thus, the number of accumulated pulses is the internal representation of this interval. Several studies demonstrated that large visual stimuli are perceived to last longer than smaller ones presented for the same duration. The present study was designed to investigate whether nontemporal visual stimulus size directly affects the internal clock. For this purpose, a temporal reproduction task was applied. Sixty participants were randomly assigned to one of two experimental conditions with stimulus size being experimentally varied within either the target or the reproduction interval. A direct effect of nontemporal stimulus size on the pacemaker-counter system should become evident irrespective of whether stimulus size was experimentally varied within the target or the reproduction interval. An effect of nontemporal stimulus size on reproduced duration only occurred when stimulus size was varied during the target interval. This finding clearly argues against the notion that nontemporal visual stimulus size directly affects the internal clock. Furthermore, our findings ruled out a decisional bias as a possible cause of the observed differential effect of stimulus size on reproduced duration. Rather the effect of stimulus size appeared to originate from the memory stage of temporal information processing at which the timing signal from the pacemaker-counter component is encoded in reference memory.

摘要

间隔计时的表现通常由基于神经计数的内部时钟假设来解释。根据这种说法,神经起搏器产生脉冲,与物理时间间隔相关的脉冲数量由计数器记录。因此,累积脉冲的数量就是这个时间间隔的内部表征。多项研究表明,对于持续时间相同的视觉刺激,大的刺激比小的刺激感觉持续时间更长。本研究旨在调查非时间性视觉刺激大小是否直接影响内部时钟。为此,采用了时间再现任务。60名参与者被随机分配到两个实验条件之一,刺激大小在目标间隔或再现间隔内进行实验性变化。无论刺激大小是在目标间隔还是再现间隔内进行实验性变化,非时间性刺激大小对起搏器 - 计数器系统的直接影响都应该是明显的。只有当刺激大小在目标间隔内变化时,非时间性刺激大小才会对再现持续时间产生影响。这一发现显然与非时间性视觉刺激大小直接影响内部时钟的观点相悖。此外,我们的研究结果排除了决策偏差是观察到的刺激大小对再现持续时间产生差异影响的可能原因。相反,刺激大小的影响似乎源于时间信息处理的记忆阶段,在这个阶段,来自起搏器 - 计数器组件的计时信号在参考记忆中被编码。

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