Electrical current density model from surface electrodes.

The goal of this research is to determine the optimum electrical current for subthreshold electrical stimulation. The first step is to collect atrophied muscle impedance data from children with neuromuscular disorders using Bioelectric Impedance Analysis (BIA). Then to incorporate this impedance data into a model using the 3-D Finite Element Method (FEM). This will allow the evaluation of electric current densities in the target muscle resulting from Therapeutic Electrical Stimulation (TES). Using the FEM, optimum electrical stimulation parameters, levels, and electrode placement can be determined. The FEM will provide the first means to determine the quantity of electric current flowing through the target muscle from surface electrode stimulation. TES is adding new life to electrical stimulation therapy. TES is low intensity (subthreshold), long duration transcutaneous stimulation using surface electrodes. TES effects muscle growth and peripheral nerve sprouting leading to increased functional control and sensation. The initial parameters used in TES have been proven clinically to be effective for use in rehabilitation therapy for people with neuromuscular disorders. This research is the first step towards optimization of the TES protocol. Ultimately, the results will lead to improved quality of life for children with neuromuscular disorders.