Tidd M J, Wright H C, Oliver Y, Wallace D M, Porteous M
Urol Res. 1976 Jul 23;4(2):49-54. doi: 10.1007/BF00256317.
Previous studies have shown that electronic lithoclast discharges produce effects resembling an underwater explosion. It was predicted that the shock wave produced by each discharge could damage nearby gas-containing gut through a mechanism known to be associated with underwater detonations. Effects associated with rapid oscillation of the vapour bubble produced could cause damage to the wall of the bladder. Investigation of lithoclast discharges in vivo on goat, and in vitro on sheep bladders demonstrated perforation of both. In vitro studies in the rabbit demonstrated the predicted greater susceptibility of air-filled gut over that filled with fluid. These hazards would be even greater in the ureter and caution in the use of electronic fragmentation of vesical and ureteric calculi is urged in the light of these findings.
先前的研究表明，电子碎石器放电产生的效果类似于水下爆炸。据预测，每次放电产生的冲击波可能会通过一种已知与水下爆炸相关的机制，对附近含气的肠道造成损伤。与所产生的蒸汽泡快速振荡相关的影响可能会对膀胱壁造成损伤。在山羊体内和绵羊膀胱体外进行的碎石器放电研究表明，两者都会出现穿孔。在兔子身上进行的体外研究表明，充气肠道比充满液体的肠道更容易受到损伤，正如所预测的那样。鉴于这些发现，输尿管中的这些危害会更大，因此强烈建议在使用膀胱和输尿管结石的电子破碎术时要谨慎。
