Weisman A G, Nuechterlein K H, Goldstein M J, Snyder K S
Psychology Department, University of Massachusetts at Boston 02125-3393, USA.
J Abnorm Psychol. 1998 May;107(2):355-9. doi: 10.1037//0021-843x.107.2.355.
Using a sample of 40 Anglo American family members of schizophrenic patients, the present study replicates and lends cross-cultural support for an attribution-affect model of expressed emotion (EE). Consistent with attribution theory, the authors found that highly critical relatives (high-EE) viewed the illness and associated symptoms as residing more within the patient's personal control as compared with less critical relatives (low-EE). A content analysis classified the types of behaviors and symptoms most frequently criticized by relatives. Symptoms reflecting behavioral deficits (e.g., poor hygiene) were found to be criticized more often than symptoms reflecting behavioral excesses (e.g., hallucinations). In line with an attribution-affect framework, relatives may be less tolerant of behavioral deficits because they are viewed as intentional, whereas behavioral excesses are easily recognized as core symptoms of mental illness.
本研究以40名精神分裂症患者的英裔美籍家庭成员为样本，对表达性情绪（EE）的归因-影响模型进行了重复验证，并提供了跨文化支持。与归因理论一致，作者发现，与批评较少的亲属（低EE）相比，批评性很强的亲属（高EE）认为疾病及相关症状更多地处于患者的个人控制范围内。一项内容分析对亲属最常批评的行为和症状类型进行了分类。结果发现，反映行为缺陷（如卫生习惯差）的症状比反映行为过度（如幻觉）的症状受到更多批评。根据归因-影响框架，亲属可能对行为缺陷的容忍度较低，因为它们被视为故意的，而行为过度则很容易被识别为精神疾病的核心症状。
