Marshall G W, Marshall S J, Kinney J H, Balooch M
Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0758, USA.
J Dent. 1997 Nov;25(6):441-58. doi: 10.1016/s0300-5712(96)00065-6.
Dentin is a vital, hydrated composite material with structural components and properties that vary with location. These variations are reviewed along with alterations by physiological and pathological changes that allow classification into various forms of dentin. Structural characteristics and mechanical properties are reviewed and the limitations of our understanding of structure-property relationships for normal and modified forms of dentin are discussed with respect to their impact on dentin bonding. Recent progress in methods available to study dentin and its demineralization are emphasized with their promise to increase our understanding of dentin properties and structure.
Recent microstructural studies, focusing on scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and X-ray tomographic microscopy are included. A review of fundamental studies with emphasis on microstructurally sensitive methods, and prior reviews of basic mechanical properties are included with discussion of their correlation to composition and structure.
Emphasis in this work was placed on the major structural components of the tissue, including the collagen based organic matrix and its mineral reinforcement, the distribution of these components and their microstructural organization as related to mechanical properties and response to demineralization. Little information is included on biochemical and developmental studies or on non-collagenous proteins and other organic components for which limited understanding is available with respect to their role in structure-property relations and influence on bonding. In spite of the fact that the complexity of dentin precluded a comprehensive review, it is clear that local structural variations influence properties and impact nearly all preventive and restorative dental treatments. Much more work is needed in order to understand differences between vital and non-vital dentin, and dentin from extracted teeth. Although our knowledge is rudimentary in certain areas, increasingly sophisticated methods of studying dentin should provide the necessary information to model structure-property relations, optimize dentin bonding, and improve many aspects of preventive and restorative dentistry.
牙本质是一种重要的、含水的复合材料，其结构成分和特性随位置而异。本文回顾了这些变化，以及生理和病理变化引起的改变，这些改变使得牙本质可被分类为各种形式。本文还回顾了牙本质的结构特征和力学性能，并讨论了我们对正常和改性牙本质结构-性能关系理解的局限性，及其对牙本质粘结的影响。强调了研究牙本质及其脱矿的现有方法的最新进展，这些方法有望增进我们对牙本质特性和结构的理解。
纳入了近期的微观结构研究，重点是扫描电子显微镜、原子力显微镜和X射线断层显微镜。回顾了基础研究，重点是对微观结构敏感的方法，以及对基本力学性能的先前综述，并讨论了它们与组成和结构的相关性。
本研究重点关注该组织的主要结构成分，包括基于胶原蛋白的有机基质及其矿物增强物、这些成分的分布及其微观结构组织，以及它们与力学性能和脱矿反应的关系。本文几乎未纳入关于生化和发育研究，或关于非胶原蛋白和其他有机成分的信息，因为我们对它们在结构-性能关系中的作用及其对粘结的影响了解有限。尽管牙本质的复杂性使得无法进行全面综述，但很明显，局部结构变化会影响性能，并几乎影响所有预防性和修复性牙科治疗。为了理解活髓牙本质和死髓牙本质以及拔除牙的牙本质之间的差异，还需要做更多的工作。尽管我们在某些领域的知识还很基础，但越来越复杂的牙本质研究方法应该能提供必要的信息，以建立结构-性能关系模型、优化牙本质粘结，并改善预防性和修复性牙科的许多方面。
