Kurowski K
Finch University of Health Sciences/Chicago Medical School, Illinois, USA.
Am Fam Physician. 1998 May 1;57(9):2155-64, 2169-70.
Bacterial cystitis is the most common bacterial infection occurring in women. Thirty percent of women will experience at least one episode of cystitis during their lifetime. About one third of patients presenting with symptoms of cystitis have upper urinary tract infection. A careful history to identify risk factors for subclinical pyelonephritis is important. Symptoms of chronic cystitis accompanied by sterile urine without pyuria may represent interstitial cystitis. Dysuria may also be the principal complaint of women with vaginitis (infectious, atrophic or chemical) or urethritis. A stepwise diagnostic approach, accompanied by inexpensive office laboratory testing, is usually sufficient to determine the cause of dysuria.
细菌性膀胱炎是女性最常见的细菌感染。30%的女性在一生中至少会经历一次膀胱炎发作。约三分之一出现膀胱炎症状的患者患有上尿路感染。仔细询问病史以确定亚临床肾盂肾炎的危险因素很重要。伴有无菌尿且无脓尿的慢性膀胱炎症状可能代表间质性膀胱炎。排尿困难也可能是阴道炎（感染性、萎缩性或化学性）或尿道炎女性的主要症状。一种逐步的诊断方法，辅以便宜的门诊实验室检查，通常足以确定排尿困难的原因。
