Trehub S E, Hill D S, Kamenetsky S B
University of Toronto at Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.
Can J Exp Psychol. 1997 Dec;51(4):385-96. doi: 10.1037/1196-1961.51.4.385.
Naive listeners rated the style of singing in mothers' and fathers' sung performances for infants and their simulations of those performances (Experiment 1). Performances in an infant's presence were judged as more expressive--either more playful or more soothing--than were simulations. Parents' style of singing, as reflected in these ratings, differed as a function of the sex of singer and listener. Both parents sang more playfully for same-sex infants than for opposite-sex infants. Independent listeners rated the manner in which parents enunciated the lyrics of their songs (Experiment 2). Parents rendered the lyrics of songs more expressively in infant-present than in infant-absent contexts. Moreover, this expressiveness was greater for same-sex infants than for opposite-sex infants. These findings are consistent with parents' greater attachment to same-sex infants. Discrepancies between parents' choice of songs and their manner of singing lend credence to functional rather than nominal classifications of songs for infants.
天真的听众对母亲和父亲为婴儿演唱的表演风格以及他们对这些表演的模仿进行了评分（实验1）。与模仿表演相比，在婴儿面前的表演被认为更具表现力——要么更活泼有趣，要么更舒缓平和。从这些评分反映出的父母的演唱风格，因演唱者和听众的性别而异。父母双方为同性别的婴儿唱歌时比为异性别的婴儿唱歌时更活泼有趣。独立的听众对父母演唱歌曲歌词的方式进行了评分（实验2）。与不在婴儿面前时相比，父母在有婴儿在场时演唱歌词更具表现力。此外，这种表现力在同性别的婴儿面前比在异性别的婴儿面前更强。这些发现与父母对同性别的婴儿有更强的依恋之情是一致的。父母在歌曲选择和演唱方式上的差异，为婴儿歌曲的功能性而非名义性分类提供了可信依据。
