Sabin A B
Yale J Biol Med. 1976 Jul;49(3):259-66.
(A) Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is now the major cause of infectious viral hepatitis in U.S. military personnel and probably also in the civilian population over 15 years of age. (B) The incidence of icteric, viral hepatitis is much higher in U.S. military personnel than in comparable age groups in the civilian population. The 17-to 20-year-old enlisted men show the highest rates. (C) In parts of the world (e.g., U.S.A., Germany) where most of the inapparent infection is caused by the adw subtype of HBV, most of the acute clinical disease is caused by the ayw subtype. In the U.S.A. and Germany, 95% or more of HB(s) Ag isolates from U.S. military personnel with acute hepatitis is ayw. (D) It may be many years before one can expect to have sufficient data for a decision as to the possible availability of an effective HBV vaccine. Accordingly, a decision is urgently needed regarding either the immediate use of the best practically available hepatitis immune gamma globulin, that can be prepared by modern techniques, for the prevention of hepatitis in U.S. military personnel or postponement of such use until an adequate and properly controlled trial can be carried out in active duty military personnel in an area of high incidence.
(A) 乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）目前是美国军事人员中感染性病毒性肝炎的主要病因，对于15岁以上的平民来说可能也是如此。(B) 黄疸型病毒性肝炎在美国军事人员中的发病率远高于平民中年龄相仿的群体。17至20岁的现役军人发病率最高。(C) 在世界上部分地区（如美国、德国），大多数隐性感染由HBV的adw亚型引起，而大多数急性临床疾病由ayw亚型引起。在美国和德国，急性肝炎美国军事人员中分离出的HB(s)Ag，95%或更多是ayw。(D) 可能要过很多年才能有足够的数据来决定是否可能有有效的HBV疫苗。因此，迫切需要做出决定，要么立即使用现代技术所能制备的最佳实用型肝炎免疫球蛋白来预防美国军事人员中的肝炎，要么推迟使用，直到能在高发病率地区的现役军事人员中进行充分且恰当对照的试验。
