Black D R, Tobler N S, Sciacca J P
Division of Health Promotion/HKLS, Purdue University, IN 47907-1362, USA.
J Sch Health. 1998 Mar;68(3):87-93. doi: 10.1111/j.1746-1561.1998.tb03488.x.
Peer-led drug prevention programs for middle school youth are reviewed as to whether or not they are a vital resource in an overall effort to minimize the use of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs (ATOD). The paper focuses on the following: a) results of a 120-study meta-analysis of school-based drug prevention programs and positive program features; b) considerations for falsely concluding that peer programs are ineffective; c) features of two model or stellar programs that compared interactive (peer leadership) to teacher/researcher-led (non-interactive) programs that followed National Peer Helpers Association (NPHA) Programmatic Standards; and d) suggestions for designing and implementing high-quality, peer-led programs. The authors conclude that interactive peer interventions for middle school students are statistically superior to non-interactive didactic, lecture programs led by teachers/researchers. Programs implemented according to NPHA Programmatic Standards may eliminate Type II (false negative) and III ("implementation failure" or ineffectively designed and implemented program) errors. Opportunities for prudent application of well-designed peer programs appropriately implemented and evaluated must remain a salient priority.
针对中学生的同伴主导型药物预防项目进行了审查，以确定它们在尽量减少酒精、烟草和其他药物（ATOD）使用的整体努力中是否是一种重要资源。本文重点关注以下内容：a）对120项基于学校的药物预防项目和积极项目特征的元分析结果；b）错误得出同伴项目无效的考虑因素；c）两个示范或优秀项目的特征，这些项目将互动式（同伴领导）项目与遵循国家同伴帮助者协会（NPHA）项目标准的教师/研究人员主导的（非互动式）项目进行了比较；d）设计和实施高质量同伴主导项目的建议。作者得出结论，对中学生的互动式同伴干预在统计学上优于教师/研究人员主导的非互动式说教、讲座项目。根据NPHA项目标准实施的项目可能会消除II型（假阴性）和III型（“实施失败”或设计和实施不当的无效项目）错误。谨慎应用设计良好、实施得当且经过评估的同伴项目仍必须是一个突出的优先事项。
