Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, College of Education and Health Sciences, Baldwin Wallace University, Berea, OH 44017, USA.
Department of Health Sciences, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Nutrients. 2023 Jun 7;15(12):2658. doi: 10.3390/nu15122658.
The utilization of youth (older) and peer (same age) mentor-led interventions to improve nutrition and physical activity has been an emerging trend in recent years. This systematic review is intended to synthesize the effectiveness of these intervention programs on participants and mentors based on biometric, nutrition, physical activity, and psychosocial outcomes of youth and peer mentor-led interventions among children and adolescents. Online databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, EBSCOhost and Google Scholar, were searched, and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. A three-step screening process was used to meet the proposed eligibility criteria, and the risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2) was used to assess bias for the included studies. Nineteen unique intervention programs and twenty-five total studies were deemed eligible when considering the criteria required for review. Multiple studies demonstrated positive evidence of the biometric and physical activity outcomes that were considered significant. The findings regarding the nutritional outcomes across the included studies were mixed, as some studies reported significant changes in eating habits while others did not find a significant change. Overall, the utilization of youth and peer mentor-led models in nutrition- and physical-activity-related interventions may be successful in overweight and obesity prevention efforts for those children and adolescents receiving the intervention and the youths and peers leading the interventions. More research is needed to explore the impact on the youths and peers leading the interventions and disseminating more detailed implementation strategies, e.g., training mentors would allow for advancements in the field and the replicability of approaches. Terminology: In the current youth- and peer-led nutrition and physical activity intervention literature, a varying age differential exists between the targeted sample and the peers, and varying terminology with regards to how to name or refer to the youth. In some instances, the youth mentors were individuals of the same grade as the target sample who either volunteered to serve in the peer role or were selected by their fellow students or school staff. In other cases, the youth mentors were slightly older individuals, either in high school or college, who were selected based upon their experience, leadership skills, passion for the project, or demonstration of healthy lifestyle behaviors.
利用青年（年长）和同伴（同龄）导师主导的干预措施来改善营养和身体活动，是近年来的一个新兴趋势。本系统评价旨在综合这些干预计划对儿童和青少年的青年和同伴导师主导的干预措施的参与者和导师的影响，包括生物统计学、营养、身体活动和社会心理结果。在线数据库，包括 PubMed、ScienceDirect、EBSCOhost 和 Google Scholar，进行了搜索，并遵循了系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南。使用三步筛选过程来满足提出的合格标准，并使用随机试验的偏倚风险工具（RoB 2）来评估纳入研究的偏倚。考虑到审查所需的标准，有 19 个独特的干预计划和 25 项总研究被认为符合条件。多项研究证明了生物统计学和身体活动结果的积极证据，这些结果被认为是重要的。纳入研究的营养结果存在混合情况，一些研究报告饮食习惯发生了显著变化，而另一些研究则没有发现显著变化。总体而言，在营养和身体活动相关干预措施中，利用青年和同伴导师主导的模式可能有助于超重和肥胖预防工作，使接受干预的儿童和青少年以及领导干预的青年和同伴受益。需要更多的研究来探索对领导干预的青年和同伴的影响，并传播更详细的实施策略，例如，培训导师可以促进该领域的发展和方法的可复制性。术语：在当前的青年和同伴主导的营养和身体活动干预文献中，目标样本和同伴之间存在不同的年龄差异，并且在如何命名或称呼青年方面存在不同的术语。在某些情况下，青年导师是与目标样本同年级的志愿者，他们自愿担任同伴角色，或者由同学或学校工作人员选择。在其他情况下，青年导师是年龄稍大的人，要么是高中生，要么是大学生，他们是根据经验、领导技能、对项目的热情或展示健康生活方式行为来选择的。
