Taucher E, Jofré I
INTA Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Rev Med Chil. 1997 Oct;125(10):1225-35.
Infant mortality in Chile decreased from 120 to 12 per thousand between 1960 and 1994. Outstanding events of this "great descent" are reviewed, based on past research and on updated information. Demographic and socioeconomic changes and improvements in health care that occurred during this period of decline are shown. It is estimated that 30% of the reduction of infant mortality between 1972 and 1982 was due to the decreasing proportion of births of high mortality risk, as a consequence of the fertility decline initiated in the mid 60s. Possible explanations for the continuing decline of infant mortality during the economic crisis of 1975 and 1982 are discussed. Finally, neonatal and postneonatal mortality rates by causes are compared between 1994 and 1980 and causes of death in extreme groups of infant mortality differentials by age of mother, birth order, gestational age, place of residence and educational level of the mother are shown.
1960年至1994年间，智利的婴儿死亡率从千分之120降至千分之12。基于以往研究和最新信息，对这一“大幅下降”过程中的重大事件进行了回顾。展示了在此下降期间发生的人口和社会经济变化以及医疗保健方面的改善。据估计，1972年至1982年间婴儿死亡率下降的30%归因于高死亡风险出生比例的降低，这是60年代中期开始的生育率下降的结果。讨论了1975年和1982年经济危机期间婴儿死亡率持续下降的可能原因。最后，比较了1994年和1980年按病因划分的新生儿和新生儿后期死亡率，并展示了按母亲年龄、出生顺序、孕周、居住地点和母亲教育水平划分的婴儿死亡率差异极端组中的死亡原因。
