Jan M H, Wang S F, Cheng C K, Chen C Y, Sullivan P E
School of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
J Formos Med Assoc. 1998 May;97(5):339-44.
Low-speed isokinetic exercise has been recommended to exert a maximal contraction and produce greater muscle torque than high-speed exercise in young adults. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of low- and high-speed isokinetic exercise programs for increasing muscle torque in young and elderly people. Twenty healthy elderly and 20 young subjects participated. The elderly subjects were divided into two groups. One group performed high-speed (300 degrees/s) isokinetic exercise training three times a week for the dominant-side knee extensor and low-speed (60 degrees/s) exercise for the non-dominant side for 6 weeks. The other group was trained using the reverse exercise regime. The training program for the young subjects was the same as that for the elderly groups. All subjects had their knee extensor torque evaluated with an isokinetic test before and at 2-week intervals during the training program. For young and elderly groups, both high- and low-speed isokinetic exercise training increased extensor torque in low- and high-speed tests. For the young group, low-speed exercise effectively improved muscle torque at low and high speeds. The improvement in slow muscle torque was significantly greater than that in fast muscle torque. For the elderly subjects, high-speed isokinetic exercise produced the greatest muscle torque at high speed in the first 2 weeks of training, and demonstrated a sharp increase in muscle torque in the final 2 weeks. Low-speed exercise frequently caused knee stress and the inability of some elder subjects to continue the exercises with maximal effort. Our findings indicate that high-speed exercise may be more appropriate for the elderly, and low-speed exercise may be more appropriate for younger people.
低速等速运动被推荐用于在年轻人中产生最大收缩并比高速运动产生更大的肌肉扭矩。本研究的目的是比较低速和高速等速运动方案对增加年轻人和老年人肌肉扭矩的有效性。二十名健康老年人和二十名年轻受试者参与了研究。老年受试者被分为两组。一组对优势侧膝关节伸肌进行每周三次的高速（300度/秒）等速运动训练，对非优势侧进行低速（60度/秒）运动，持续6周。另一组采用相反的运动方案进行训练。年轻受试者的训练方案与老年组相同。所有受试者在训练方案开始前以及训练期间每隔2周进行一次等速测试，评估其膝关节伸肌扭矩。对于年轻组和老年组，低速和高速等速运动训练均增加了低速和高速测试中的伸肌扭矩。对于年轻组，低速运动有效地改善了低速和高速时的肌肉扭矩。慢肌扭矩的改善明显大于快肌扭矩。对于老年受试者，高速等速运动在训练的前2周高速时产生了最大的肌肉扭矩，并在最后2周显示出肌肉扭矩的急剧增加。低速运动经常导致膝关节压力，并且一些老年受试者无法全力继续运动。我们的研究结果表明，高速运动可能更适合老年人，而低速运动可能更适合年轻人。
