Eston R G, Finney S, Baker S, Baltzopoulos V
Division of Health and Human Performance, University of Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd, UK.
J Sports Sci. 1996 Aug;14(4):291-9. doi: 10.1080/02640419608727714.
Unaccustomed exercise (usually of an eccentric nature) is often followed by delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Previous studies have found that prior eccentric activity produces a training effect which reduces DOMS and morphological changes. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a prior bout of maximal isokinetic eccentric exercise on DOMS, strength loss and plasma creatine kinase (CK) changes following a downhill run. Ten male subjects with a mean (+/- S.D.) age of 22.5 +/- 2.8 years, body mass of 62.67 +/- 0.05 kg and height of 176 +/- 3 cm were allocated to either a treatment group or a control group. The treatment group performed 100 maximal eccentric activations of the knee extensors in the dominant leg at 0.52 rad s-1. Two weeks later, the downhill run was performed on a motor-driven treadmill. This consisted of five bouts of 8 min at a gradient of -10% at a speed corresponding to 80% of the predicted maximal heart rate. The untrained group performed the downhill run as above but without the prior isokinetic session. Tenderness measurements, plasma CK activity and concentric and eccentric isokinetic peak torque measurements of the knee extensors at 0.52 and 2.83 rad s-1 were recorded prior to, immediately following and 2, 4 and 7 days after each protocol. The isokinetic protocol caused an increase (P < 0.01) in CK and tenderness and a decrease (P < 0.05) in concentric and eccentric torque at both speeds in the treatment group. Following the downhill run, a reduction in peak torque (P < 0.01) was observed in the eccentric and concentric modes at both isokinetic speeds in the control group. For the treatment group, the decrease in peak torque occurred only at the faster eccentric speed. With the exception of the faster eccentric speed, the decrement in peak torque was greater in the control group in all post-exercise isokinetic strength tests. There was less tenderness (P < 0.01) in the trained knee extensor muscle group. Peak torque also returned to pre-downhill values earlier for the trained group. Although plasma CK activity increased in both groups after downhill running, it was much lower (P < 0.01) in the trained group. The results suggest that a prior bout of isokinetic eccentric training reduces muscle damage, reduces the amount of strength loss and decreases the sensation of DOMS after downhill running.
不习惯的运动（通常是离心性质的）之后常常会出现延迟性肌肉酸痛（DOMS）。先前的研究发现，之前的离心活动会产生一种训练效果，从而减轻DOMS和形态学变化。本研究的目的是检验一次最大等速离心运动对下坡跑后DOMS、力量损失和血浆肌酸激酶（CK）变化的影响。将10名平均（±标准差）年龄为22.5±2.8岁、体重为62.67±0.05千克、身高为176±3厘米的男性受试者分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组以0.52弧度/秒的速度对优势腿的膝伸肌进行100次最大离心激活。两周后，在电动跑步机上进行下坡跑。这包括五组，每组8分钟，坡度为-10%，速度对应于预测最大心率的80%。未训练组按上述方式进行下坡跑，但没有之前的等速运动环节。在每个方案之前、之后立即以及之后2、4和7天记录压痛测量值、血浆CK活性以及膝伸肌在0.52和2.83弧度/秒时的向心和离心等速峰值扭矩测量值。等速运动方案导致治疗组的CK和压痛增加（P<0.01），并且在两个速度下的向心和离心扭矩均降低（P<0.05）。下坡跑后，对照组在两个等速速度下的离心和向心模式中均观察到峰值扭矩降低（P<0.01）。对于治疗组，峰值扭矩的降低仅发生在较快的离心速度下。除了较快的离心速度外，在所有运动后等速力量测试中，对照组的峰值扭矩下降幅度更大。训练后的膝伸肌群压痛较轻（P<0.01）。训练组的峰值扭矩也更早恢复到下坡前的值。尽管下坡跑后两组的血浆CK活性均升高，但训练组的血浆CK活性要低得多（P<0.01）。结果表明，一次等速离心训练可减少肌肉损伤，减少力量损失量，并降低下坡跑后DOMS的感觉。
