Chippaux J P, Goyffon M
Centre de Recherche sur les Méningites et les Schistosomiases, Niamey, Niger.
Med Trop (Mars). 1997;57(4 Bis):519-21.
The risk of being bitten by a snake or stung by a scorpion is low for the ordinary, non-thrill-seeking traveler. Travelers who plan hazardous outdoor activities should be advised to be careful and bring along adequate protective clothing (boots, long trousers, and gloves). If envenomation occurs, the victim should be immobilized and rushed to a treatment center. Administration of antivenin using massive doses in severe cases is the best therapy. For quickest and most efficient results, antivenins should be administered by the intravenous route. Packing antivenins is necessary only under special circumstances when high-risk activities are scheduled. In this case contingency planning may also be necessary taking into account health care facilities in the destination country and the availability of antivenins.
对于普通的、不寻求刺激的旅行者来说，被蛇咬或被蝎子蜇的风险很低。计划进行危险户外活动的旅行者应被告知要小心，并携带足够的防护服（靴子、长裤和手套）。如果发生中毒，应使受害者保持不动，并迅速送往治疗中心。在严重病例中使用大剂量抗蛇毒血清进行治疗是最佳疗法。为了获得最快和最有效的效果，抗蛇毒血清应通过静脉途径给药。仅在安排了高风险活动的特殊情况下才需要携带抗蛇毒血清。在这种情况下，还可能需要根据目的地国家的医疗设施和抗蛇毒血清的供应情况制定应急计划。
