Feinleib J A, Michael R T
Harris Graduate School of Public Policy Studies, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
Prev Med. 1998 May-Jun;27(3):400-11. doi: 10.1006/pmed.1998.0270.
The AIDS epidemic has profoundly affected public health policy and everyday choices of individuals. Understanding the self-protective strategies adopted by the general population is crucial to designing appropriate and more effective primary AIDS prevention strategies.
A probability sample of the U.S. adult population in 1992, the National Health and Social Life Survey (n = 3,159), addressed detailed aspects of sexual behavior. How respondents changed their sexual behavior due to AIDS was recorded verbatim and categorized for analysis.
Twenty-nine percent of U.S. adults reported some sexual behavior change, primarily, reducing numbers of partners (12%), using condoms more frequently (9%), selecting partners more carefully (7%), changing attitude toward sex (4%), and abstinence (3%). Individuals most at risk show the greatest propensity to change although the actual risk-reduction strategies and the meanings assigned to those strategies vary considerably. Strategies are not all compatible with each other nor equally likely to be adopted by individuals with different lifestyles.
Self-protective strategies to avoid AIDS are widespread, but primary prevention efforts should be targeted to particular circumstances and the self-protective propensities of each individual.
艾滋病疫情深刻影响了公共卫生政策以及个人的日常选择。了解普通人群所采取的自我保护策略对于设计恰当且更有效的艾滋病初级预防策略至关重要。
1992年美国成年人概率样本，即国民健康与社会生活调查（n = 3159），涉及性行为的详细方面。记录了受访者因艾滋病而改变性行为的情况，并逐字分类进行分析。
29%的美国成年人报告有一些性行为改变，主要包括减少性伴侣数量（12%）、更频繁使用避孕套（9%）、更谨慎地选择性伴侣（7%）、改变对性的态度（4%）以及禁欲（3%）。尽管实际的风险降低策略以及赋予这些策略的意义差异很大，但高危个体表现出最大的改变倾向。这些策略并非相互兼容，不同生活方式的个体采用这些策略的可能性也不尽相同。
避免感染艾滋病的自我保护策略广泛存在，但初级预防工作应针对具体情况以及每个个体的自我保护倾向。
