Zimmerman R S, Olson K
Department of Sociology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124.
AIDS Educ Prev. 1994 Jun;6(3):189-204.
Because a cure and a vaccine for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are not expected for at least several years, prevention of AIDS is the only means of reducing the spread of the disease. While education, information, and persuasion may be changing the HIV-related attitudes and even behaviors of some individuals, without a theoretical framework, the reasons why some individuals have changed and why other individuals have not changed are elusive. Three social-psychological models that have been applied to health-related behavior--the Health Belief Model (HBM), the Ajzen-Fishbein attitude-behavior model (AFM), and Leventhal et al.'s Self-Regulatory Model (SRM)--are tested in this study. The extent to which each model's variables are related to self-reported behavior change related to HIV and current HIV-related behavior are compared. Results indicate that the SRM and AFM contributed significantly to predicting risk behavior change, and that the HBM and AFM contributed significantly to predicting current risk behavior, after controlling for risk behavior change. Significant predictors of risk behavior change included timeline, identity, and self-efficacy from the SRM; sexual impulse (a barrier) from the HBM; and attitudes about the behaviors from the AFM. Significant predictors of current risk behavior included several barriers from the HBM and negative attitude about risk-reducing behaviors from the AFM.
由于至少在数年内都无法预期能找到治愈人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的方法和研制出相关疫苗，预防艾滋病是减少该疾病传播的唯一手段。尽管教育、宣传和劝导可能正在改变一些人对与HIV相关的态度甚至行为，但如果没有一个理论框架，就难以解释为何有些人发生了改变而有些人却没有。本研究对三种应用于健康相关行为的社会心理学模型——健康信念模型（HBM）、阿杰恩-菲什拜因态度-行为模型（AFM）和莱文索尔等人的自我调节模型（SRM）——进行了测试。比较了每个模型的变量与自我报告的与HIV相关的行为改变以及当前与HIV相关行为的关联程度。结果表明，在控制了风险行为改变之后，SRM和AFM对预测风险行为改变有显著贡献，HBM和AFM对预测当前风险行为有显著贡献。风险行为改变的显著预测因素包括SRM中的时间线、身份认同和自我效能感；HBM中的性冲动（一种障碍）；以及AFM中对行为的态度。当前风险行为的显著预测因素包括HBM中的几个障碍以及AFM中对降低风险行为的负面态度。
