Rubio L A, Grant G, Dewey P, Brown D, Annand M, Bardocz S, Pusztai A
The Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB2 9SB, UK.
J Nutr. 1998 Jun;128(6):1042-7. doi: 10.1093/jn/128.6.1042.
The effects on performance, digestibility, N utilization and plasma amino acid concentrations of dietary chickpea (Cicer arietinum, var. Kabuli) seed meal, globulin proteins or buffer-insoluble residue [starch + non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) + lignin] were studied in growing rats. Chickpea meal, defatted soybean meal, chickpea globulins and lactalbumin were each incorporated into diets as the sole source of dietary protein (100 g/kg). In addition, chickpea insoluble residue was included in a control diet in the same proportion found in the chickpea meal. Rats were killed while under halothane anesthesia after 10 d of consuming the diets, and ileal contents were washed out and freeze-dried for digestibility measurements. Weight gains and gain:feed ratios of rats fed chickpea diets for 10 d did not differ from those of rats fed defatted soybean but were significantly lower than those of rats given the control (lactalbumin) diet. However, ileal and fecal N digestibilities and N retention by rats fed the chickpea diet were significantly lower than those obtained with the lactalbumin or soybean diet. The inclusion of both chickpea meal or its globulin proteins in the diet significantly increased the amount of N excreted, primarily as urea, through the urine. However, although ileal N digestibility values for chickpea meal were significantly lower, those for its constituent globulins did not differ from control values. Urea levels in plasma in rats fed diets containing chickpea meal, globulins or soybean meal were significantly higher than in those fed lactalbumin. Furthermore, the concentrations of glycine, phenylalanine, histidine, arginine and ornithine in the plasma of rats fed chickpea meal, its globulins or defatted soybean were significantly higher, whereas those of threonine, leucine, lysine and tryptophan were significantly lower than lactalbumin-fed controls. The chickpea insoluble residue had no adverse effects on performance or N utilization by rats. We conclude that the low nutritional value of chickpea meal is likely to be due mainly to adverse effects of its globulin proteins on growth and N metabolism rather than to the action of any known antinutritional factor present in the diet.
研究了日粮中鹰嘴豆（Cicer arietinum，卡布利变种）籽粕、球蛋白或缓冲不溶性残渣[淀粉+非淀粉多糖（NSP）+木质素]对生长大鼠生产性能、消化率、氮利用率和血浆氨基酸浓度的影响。将鹰嘴豆粕、脱脂大豆粕、鹰嘴豆球蛋白和乳白蛋白分别作为日粮蛋白质的唯一来源（100 g/kg）添加到日粮中。此外，将鹰嘴豆不溶性残渣以与鹰嘴豆粕相同的比例添加到对照日粮中。大鼠在采食日粮10 d后，在氟烷麻醉下处死，冲洗出回肠内容物并冷冻干燥以测定消化率。饲喂鹰嘴豆日粮10 d的大鼠的体重增加和增重：饲料比与饲喂脱脂大豆的大鼠没有差异，但显著低于饲喂对照（乳白蛋白）日粮的大鼠。然而，饲喂鹰嘴豆日粮的大鼠的回肠和粪便氮消化率以及氮保留率显著低于乳白蛋白或大豆日粮。日粮中同时添加鹰嘴豆粕或其球蛋白会显著增加氮的排泄量，主要以尿素的形式通过尿液排出。然而，尽管鹰嘴豆粕的回肠氮消化率值显著较低，但其组成球蛋白的回肠氮消化率值与对照值没有差异。饲喂含鹰嘴豆粕、球蛋白或大豆粕日粮的大鼠血浆中的尿素水平显著高于饲喂乳白蛋白的大鼠。此外，饲喂鹰嘴豆粕、其球蛋白或脱脂大豆的大鼠血浆中的甘氨酸、苯丙氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸和鸟氨酸浓度显著较高，而苏氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸和色氨酸的浓度显著低于饲喂乳白蛋白的对照大鼠。鹰嘴豆不溶性残渣对大鼠的生产性能或氮利用率没有不利影响。我们得出结论，鹰嘴豆粕营养价值低可能主要是由于其球蛋白对生长和氮代谢的不利影响，而不是由于日粮中存在的任何已知抗营养因子的作用。
