Anderson A L, Gilliss C L
Office of the President, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, USA.
West J Med. 1998 May;168(5):437-44.
California's health care industry includes workers prepared in many ways to perform many jobs. One significant group of health care workers prepared to provide care that often overlaps with physician-generated services is known as "nonphysician providers." Commonly, this label refers to nurse practitioners (NPs), certified nurse midwives (CNMs), and physician assistants (PAs). In this article, we will describe this group in five main areas: (1) the characteristics of the current and projected workforce and programs preparing these professionals; (2) the current skill expectations and knowledge bases of each; (3) trends in the education of these health professionals; (4) innovative models of education of these health professionals; and (5) the inclusion of NPs, PAs, and CNMs in workforce planning in a changing health care system. We conclude that, particularly in light of the overlapping functions of this provider group with many physician functions, the NP, CNM, and NP workforces must be recognized and considered when planning for the future of the physician workforce.
加利福尼亚州的医疗行业拥有众多具备多种技能、能从事多种工作的从业者。其中有一类重要的医疗工作者，他们准备提供的护理服务常常与医生提供的服务重叠，这类人被称为“非医生医疗服务提供者”。通常，这个标签涵盖执业护士（NP）、认证助产士（CNM）和医师助理（PA）。在本文中，我们将从五个主要方面来描述这个群体：（1）当前及预计的劳动力特征以及培养这些专业人员的项目；（2）目前对每个群体的技能期望和知识基础；（3）这些医疗专业人员的教育趋势；（4）这些医疗专业人员的创新教育模式；（5）在不断变化的医疗体系中，将执业护士、医师助理和认证助产士纳入劳动力规划。我们得出的结论是，鉴于这个医疗服务提供者群体与许多医生职能存在重叠，在规划医生劳动力的未来时，必须认识并考虑执业护士、认证助产士和医师助理这几类劳动力。
