Ishikawa N, Goyal P K, Mahida Y R, Li K F, Wakelin D
Department of Life Science, University of Nottingham, UK.
Immunology. 1998 Feb;93(2):257-63. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.1998.00412.x.
Infections with gastro-intestinal nematodes elicit immune and inflammatory responses mediated by cytokines released from T-helper type-2 (Th2) cells. In vitro assays of cells from the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) of experimentally infected rodents confirm that, after about 1 week, the dominant cytokine responses to mitogens and antigens are those associated with this Th-cell subset. Polarization of the Th response in this way implies an initial local cytokine environment that favours Th2 development. However, experimental infections with Trichinella spiralis and Nippostrongylus brasiliensis show that, within 2 days of worms reaching the intestine, MLN cells (MLNC) respond with a Th1 rather than a Th2 response [i.e. there is an increase in mRNA for the type 1 cytokine interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and mitogen-stimulated MLNC release IFN-gamma rather than interleukin-5 (IL-5)]. Antigen stimulation at this time does not elicit IFN-gamma release and the MLNC cannot adoptively transfer immunity. Within a few days the MLNC phenotype changes. There is a Th2 response (IL-5 release) to both mitogen and antigen stimulation and MLNC can adoptively transfer immunity. Early release of IFN-gamma is T-cell dependent, with CD4+ T cells playing the major role. The data are discussed in relation to factors regulating the mucosal response to invasion by parasites.
胃肠道线虫感染会引发由2型辅助性T细胞（Th2）释放的细胞因子介导的免疫和炎症反应。对实验感染啮齿动物肠系膜淋巴结（MLN）细胞的体外检测证实，大约1周后，对丝裂原和抗原的主要细胞因子反应是与该Th细胞亚群相关的反应。以这种方式使Th反应极化意味着存在有利于Th2发育的初始局部细胞因子环境。然而，旋毛虫和巴西日圆线虫的实验感染表明，在蠕虫到达肠道后的2天内，MLN细胞（MLNC）的反应是Th1反应而非Th2反应[即1型细胞因子干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）的mRNA增加，丝裂原刺激的MLNC释放IFN-γ而非白细胞介素-5（IL-5）]。此时的抗原刺激不会引发IFN-γ释放，且MLNC不能过继转移免疫力。几天内，MLNC的表型会发生变化。对丝裂原和抗原刺激均有Th2反应（释放IL-5），且MLNC能够过继转移免疫力。IFN-γ的早期释放依赖于T细胞，其中CD4+ T细胞起主要作用。本文结合调节黏膜对寄生虫入侵反应的因素对这些数据进行了讨论。
