Martin G W
University of Teesside, School of Health, Durham City, UK.
Nurs Ethics. 1998 Mar;5(2):147-57. doi: 10.1177/096973309800500206.
The issue of advocacy has dominated discussion of the ethical dilemmas facing nurses. However, despite this, nurses seem to be no further towards a solution of how they can be effective advocates for patients without compromising their working identity or facing conflicts of loyalty. This article considers some of the problems around advocacy and, by the use of critical incidents written by nurses involved in a diploma module, attempts to highlight where the problem could lie. A communications model is outlined, using a theoretical framework taken from the work of Jürgen Habermas, and applied to nursing practice. Finally, two examples are given from the research, which illustrate how the model could be used, highlighting the problems and pitfalls that still have to be overcome. The conclusion is a positive one, in that it suggests that advocacy is possible if nurses re-examine their practice in the light of the model proposed.
倡导问题一直主导着对护士所面临伦理困境的讨论。然而，尽管如此，护士们似乎仍未找到如何在不损害其职业身份或面临忠诚冲突的情况下，有效地为患者进行倡导的解决方案。本文探讨了围绕倡导的一些问题，并通过参与文凭课程的护士所撰写的关键事件，试图突出问题可能所在。利用尤尔根·哈贝马斯著作中的理论框架，概述了一种沟通模式，并将其应用于护理实践。最后，研究给出了两个例子，说明该模式如何使用，凸显了仍需克服的问题和陷阱。结论是积极的，即如果护士根据所提出的模式重新审视其实践，倡导是可行的。
