Gregoriadis G
Centre for Drug Delivery Research, The School of Pharmacy, London, UK.
Pharm Res. 1998 May;15(5):661-70. doi: 10.1023/a:1011950415325.
Vaccination with attenuated or killed microbes, purified or recombinant subunit proteins and synthetic peptides is often hampered by toxicity, the presence of infectious agents, weak immune responses and prohibiting costs, especially in the developing world. Such problems may be circumvented by genetic immunization which has recently emerged as an attractive alternative to conventional vaccines. Numerous studies have already shown that immunization of experimental animals with plasmid DNA encoding antigens from a wide spectrum of bacteria, viruses, protozoa and cancers leads to protective humoral and cell-mediated immunity. This review deals with the background and progress made so far with DNA vaccines and their theoretical and practical advantages as well as potential risks, discusses proposed mechanisms of DNA transfection of cells and induction of immune responses to the produced vaccine antigen, and evaluates strategies for the control and optimization of such responses.
用减毒或灭活微生物、纯化或重组亚单位蛋白以及合成肽进行疫苗接种，常常受到毒性、感染因子的存在、免疫反应较弱以及成本高昂等因素的阻碍，尤其是在发展中国家。基因免疫可能会规避这些问题，基因免疫最近已成为传统疫苗颇具吸引力的替代方案。大量研究已经表明，用编码来自多种细菌、病毒、原生动物和癌症抗原的质粒DNA对实验动物进行免疫接种，可产生保护性体液免疫和细胞介导免疫。本综述探讨了DNA疫苗的背景、目前取得的进展及其理论和实际优势以及潜在风险，讨论了细胞DNA转染和对所产生疫苗抗原诱导免疫反应的拟议机制，并评估了控制和优化此类反应的策略。
