Byron-Scott R, Haan E, Chan A, Bower C, Scott H, Clark K
South Australian Birth Defects Register, Department of Medical Genetics and Epidemiology, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide.
Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 1998 Apr;12(2):136-51. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-3016.1998.00090.x.
The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence, clinical characteristics, prenatal diagnosis and occurrence of other birth defects with abdominal wall defects in births and terminations of pregnancy in South Australia (SA) and Western Australia (WA) over the period 1980-90. Cases of gastroschisis, exomphalos, bladder exstrophy, cloacal exstrophy and body stalk anomaly were ascertained from the WA Birth Defects Registry (1980-90) and the SA Birth Defects Register (1986-90). The registers are comparable population-based data collections with information on livebirths and stillbirths of at least 400 g birthweight or 20 weeks' gestation, and terminations of pregnancy for fetal abnormality. The prevalence of gastroschisis was 1.65/10,000 births (59 cases) and of exomphalos 2.90/10,000 births (104 cases). There was no significant difference in prevalence of exomphalos or gastroschisis between SA and WA for the years 1986-90. However, if data from WA for the years 1980-85 were included, SA had a significantly higher prevalence of exomphalos (prevalence ratio 1.71, confidence interval [CI] 1.16-2.55), although not of gastroschisis (prevalence ratio 1.35, CI 0.79-2.32). Exomphalos was significantly more common in mothers < 20 years (odds ratio [OR] 2.45, CI 1.22-4.86) and in mothers of 40 years or older (OR 5.65, CI 1.69-16.77). Gastroschisis was more common in younger mothers (OR 8.76, CI 4.02-19.32). Both exomphalos and gastroschisis were associated with low birthweight, prematurity, intrauterine growth retardation and caesarean section. The reason for the higher prevalence of exomphalos in SA than WA was not clear, but may be related to differences in prenatal diagnosis. The association between maternal age < 20 years and exomphalos raises the possibility of common factors in the aetiology of gastroschisis and exomphalos.
本研究的目的是确定1980 - 1990年期间南澳大利亚州（SA）和西澳大利亚州（WA）出生及终止妊娠的腹壁缺陷病例中其他出生缺陷的患病率、临床特征、产前诊断及发生率。腹裂、脐膨出、膀胱外翻、泄殖腔外翻和躯体蒂异常病例来自西澳大利亚州出生缺陷登记处（1980 - 1990年）和南澳大利亚州出生缺陷登记处（1986 - 1990年）。这些登记处是基于人群的可比数据收集，包含出生体重至少400克或妊娠20周的活产和死产信息，以及因胎儿异常而终止妊娠的信息。腹裂的患病率为1.65/10000例出生（59例），脐膨出为2.90/10000例出生（104例）。1986 - 1990年期间，南澳大利亚州和西澳大利亚州脐膨出或腹裂的患病率无显著差异。然而，如果纳入西澳大利亚州1980 - 1985年的数据，南澳大利亚州脐膨出的患病率显著更高（患病率比1.71，置信区间[CI] 1.16 - 2.55），尽管腹裂并非如此（患病率比1.35，CI 0.79 - 2.32）。脐膨出在年龄小于20岁的母亲中显著更常见（优势比[OR] 2.45，CI 1.22 - 4.86），在40岁及以上的母亲中也更常见（OR 5.65，CI 1.69 - 16.77）。腹裂在年轻母亲中更常见（OR 8.76，CI 4.02 - 19. .32）。脐膨出和腹裂均与低出生体重、早产、宫内生长受限及剖宫产有关。南澳大利亚州脐膨出患病率高于西澳大利亚州的原因尚不清楚，但可能与产前诊断的差异有关。年龄小于20岁的母亲与脐膨出之间的关联增加了腹裂和脐膨出病因中存在共同因素的可能性。
