Rubio G, León G, Pascual F F, Santo-Domingo J
Department of Psychiatry, Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain.
Addiction. 1998 Jan;93(1):93-101. doi: 10.1046/j.1360-0443.1998.931939.x.
To evaluate Cloninger's classification in a sample of alcoholic Spanish men.
A cross-sectional study was carried out on subjects diagnosed as alcoholics.
Out-patient units specializing in the treatment of alcoholics and the psychiatry unit of a general hospital.
One hundred and ninety-eight males diagnosed as alcoholics. The mean age was 44.4 +/- 11.6 years and 98% were from urban areas.
Participants were interviewed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R(SCID). They were classified using type 1 and type 2 criteria of Cloninger's classification.
Only one-third of our sample could be classified by Cloninger's type 1 and type 2 criteria. Patients classified as belonging to type 2 had an earlier onset of regular drinking compared to type 1 patients. Type 2 subjects presented a higher percentage of alcohol-related problems as well as problems related to drugs other than alcohol and they also presented a higher percentage of antisocial personality disorder. No differences in alcoholism family history were found between the groups. Criteria showing the poorest discriminative ability between both groups were "failure to keep abstinent" and "benders lasting at least two days".
Our results do not support Cloninger's etiological hypotheses for alcoholism. Cultural differences may be responsible for the different drinking patterns observed.
在一组西班牙男性酗酒者样本中评估克隆宁格分类法。
对诊断为酗酒者的受试者进行横断面研究。
专门治疗酗酒者的门诊科室及一家综合医院的精神科。
198名诊断为酗酒的男性。平均年龄为44.4±11.6岁，98%来自城市地区。
使用针对《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第三版修订本（DSM-III-R）的结构化临床访谈（SCID）对参与者进行访谈。根据克隆宁格分类法的1型和2型标准对他们进行分类。
我们样本中只有三分之一能够根据克隆宁格的1型和2型标准进行分类。与1型患者相比，被归类为2型的患者开始规律饮酒的时间更早。2型受试者出现与酒精相关问题以及除酒精以外与药物相关问题的比例更高，并且他们出现反社会人格障碍的比例也更高。两组之间在酗酒家族史方面未发现差异。在两组之间显示出最差鉴别能力的标准是“未能保持戒酒”和“持续至少两天的狂饮期”。
我们的结果不支持克隆宁格关于酗酒的病因假说。文化差异可能是观察到不同饮酒模式的原因。
