Jiang Z, Yan Q, Su Y, Acheson K J, Thélin A, Piguet-Welsch C, Ritz P, Ho Z C
Faculty of Clinical Nutrition, Sun Yat-Sen University of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1998 Jun;67(6):1256-64. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/67.6.1256.
The doubly labeled water method was used to measure the energy expenditure of a group of 41, 4- or 6-mo-old infants with a cross-sectional design. The infants were divided into two groups according to whether they were breast-fed (11 at 4 mo, 9 at 6 mo) or formula fed (11 at 4 mo, 10 at 6 mo). Anthropometric measurements were recorded at birth and at the beginning and end of the 8-d study. Anthropometric data, which were supported by the food intake and energy expenditure results, indicated that the infants were within the norms for European and American infants of the same age. Mean energy intakes of 352 kJ (84 kcal) kg(-1) x d(-1) at 4 and 6 mo were lower than the FAO/WHO/UNU recommended value of 452 kJ (108 kcal) x kg(-1) x d(-1)) and Chinese recommendations of 502 kJ (120 kcal) kg(-1) x d(-1). However, some authors believe that values of 398 kJ (95 kcal) kg(-1) x d(-1) at 4 mo and 356 kJ (85 kcal) kg(-1) x d(-1) at 6 mo are more appropriate. At 6 mo the infants' length-for-age and weight-for-age were at the National Center for Health Statistics 55th and 47th percentiles, respectively, whereas 58% were below the 50th percentile for weight-for-length. We conclude that at 4 mo infants receive sufficient energy for their requirements. However, at 6 mo energy requirements might well be greater than the revised recommendations, when infants are being weaned to alternative foods and are more prone to the influence of diet on their growth and development.
采用双标水法，通过横断面设计对一组41名4个月或6个月大的婴儿的能量消耗进行了测量。根据婴儿是母乳喂养（4个月时11名，6个月时9名）还是配方奶喂养（4个月时11名，6个月时10名）将其分为两组。在出生时以及为期8天的研究开始和结束时记录人体测量数据。人体测量数据得到食物摄入量和能量消耗结果的支持，表明这些婴儿处于同年龄欧美婴儿的正常范围内。4个月和6个月时的平均能量摄入量分别为352千焦（84千卡）/千克（-1）×天（-1），低于粮农组织/世界卫生组织/联合国大学推荐值452千焦（108千卡）/千克（-1）×天（-1）以及中国推荐值502千焦（120千卡）/千克（-1）×天（-1）。然而，一些作者认为4个月时398千焦（95千卡）/千克（-1）×天（-1）以及6个月时356千焦（85千卡）/千克（-1）×天（-1）的值更为合适。6个月时，婴儿的年龄别身长和年龄别体重分别处于美国国家卫生统计中心的第55百分位数和第47百分位数，而58%的婴儿低于身长别体重的第50百分位数。我们得出结论，4个月大的婴儿获得了满足其需求的足够能量。然而，6个月时，当婴儿开始断奶食用其他食物且更容易受到饮食对其生长发育影响时，能量需求很可能大于修订后的推荐值。
