Cusick L
Centre for Research on Drugs and Health Behaviour, University of London, UK.
AIDS Care. 1998 Apr;10(2):133-46. doi: 10.1080/09540129850124406.
Ethnographic research among Glasgow female prostitutes working in street, sauna, flat, escort agency and "sugar daddy" sectors investigated prostitutes' accounts of the occasions in which condoms were not used for penetrative sexual encounters. Such occasions were a minority of commercial sex encounters and a majority of private sex encounters. Although prostitutes saw condom use as inappropriate in private sexual relationships this was not, as has been suggested, an aid to relationship interpretation as either private or commercial. Condoms in commercial sex were seen as routine tools of the trade, and hence emerged as emblems of prostitution. These emblematic qualities were found in turn to produce both challenges to condom use from customers and opportunities for prostitutes to manipulate customer relations by judicious suspension of condom application. Both norms of gendered role-play and prostitute status were highlighted as threatening condom use in some situations, while prostitute status could also be used as the basis of rational argument for condom use in others. Relational issues such as familiarity or a desire to communicate trust were at the forefront in explanations of condom non-use. Perceptions of physical power and the authority to permit or withhold sexual service or profit were determining influences crucial in condom use negotiation.
对在街头、桑拿浴室、公寓、陪护机构和“糖爹”行业工作的格拉斯哥女性妓女开展的人种志研究，调查了妓女们对于在插入式性接触中未使用避孕套情况的描述。这种情况在商业性交易中占少数，而在私下性接触中占多数。尽管妓女们认为在私下性关系中使用避孕套不合适，但正如有人所暗示的那样，这并非有助于将性关系解读为私下的或商业的。商业性交易中的避孕套被视为该行业的常规工具，因此成为了卖淫的标志。反过来发现，这些标志性特质既给顾客使用避孕套带来了挑战，也为妓女通过明智地暂停使用避孕套来操控与顾客的关系创造了机会。性别角色扮演规范和妓女身份在某些情况下都被认为对使用避孕套构成威胁，而妓女身份在其他情况下也可作为使用避孕套的合理论据基础。诸如熟悉程度或表达信任的愿望等关系问题，在解释不使用避孕套的原因时最为突出。对身体力量以及允许或拒绝提供性服务或获利的权力的认知，是避孕套使用谈判中的决定性关键影响因素。
