De Kruijf H A, Van Vuuren D P
National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 1998 May-Jun;40(1-2):4-14. doi: 10.1006/eesa.1998.1635.
The necessity for policy makers to follow the processes in relation to sustainability demands new tools for management, a major aspect of which is integrated attention to economic and sociocultural influences together with environmental issues. North and South have specific positions and responsibilities with regard to sustainable development, and management tools--such as indicators--should reflect them. Because the North-South dialogue is changing, different approaches to deal with the relationships are needed (e.g., introduction of reciprocity, equity, and participation), while at the same time doing justice to the individual social, economic, and cultural characteristics of a country. Ecosystem health can be defined by requirements such as resilience, vigor, organization, and relations, which may be used for totally different systems as well. Because integration is a crucial aspect of the new tools, it is argued that integrating conceptual tools such as the environment-economy-society triangle, the PSIR-causality chain, and the Daly triangle in addition to other described integration tools is fundamental for decision makers. Crucial issues when dealing with indicators for sustainable development are integration and balance, attention to users, use of system characteristics, and understanding southern perspectives in this context.
政策制定者遵循与可持续性相关的流程需要新的管理工具，其中一个主要方面是综合关注经济和社会文化影响以及环境问题。南北在可持续发展方面有特定的立场和责任，管理工具（如指标）应反映这些。由于南北对话正在变化，需要不同的方法来处理这种关系（例如，引入互惠、公平和参与），同时公正对待一个国家独特的社会、经济和文化特征。生态系统健康可以通过诸如恢复力、活力、组织和关系等要求来定义，这些要求也可用于完全不同的系统。由于整合是新工具的关键方面，有人认为，除了其他已描述的整合工具外，将诸如环境 - 经济 - 社会三角、压力 - 状态 - 响应因果链和戴利三角等概念工具整合起来对决策者至关重要。处理可持续发展指标时的关键问题是整合与平衡、关注用户、利用系统特征以及理解在此背景下的南方观点。
