Taberlet P, Fumagalli L, Wust-Saucy A G, Cosson J F
Laboratoire de Biologie des Populations d'Altitude, CNRS UMR 5553, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France.
Mol Ecol. 1998 Apr;7(4):453-64. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.1998.00289.x.
The Quaternary cold periods in Europe are thought to have heavily influenced the amount and distribution of intraspecific genetic variation in both animals and plants. The phylogeographies of 10 taxa, including mammals (Ursus arctos, Sorex spp., Crocidura suaveolens, Arvicola spp.), amphibians (Triturus spp.), arthropods (Chorthippus parallelus), and plants (Abies alba, Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus spp.), were analysed to elucidate general trends across Europe. Only a small degree of congruence was found amongst the phylogeographies of the 10 taxa, but the likely postglacial colonization routes exhibit some similarities. A Brooks parsimony analysis produced an unrooted area phylogram, showing that: (i) the northern regions were colonized generally from the Iberic and Balkanic refugia; and (ii) the Italian lineages were often isolated due to the presence of the Alpine barrier. The comparison of colonization routes highlighted four main suture-zones where lineages from the different refugia meet. Some of the intraspecific genetic distances among lineages indicated a prequaternary divergence that cannot be connected to any particular cold period, but are probably related mainly to the date of arrival of each taxon in the European continent. As a consequence, molecular genetics so far appears to be of limited use in dating Quaternary events.
欧洲的第四纪寒冷期被认为对动植物种内遗传变异的数量和分布产生了重大影响。对10个分类单元的系统地理学进行了分析，包括哺乳动物（棕熊、鼩鼱属、麝鼩、水鼠属）、两栖动物（真螈属）、节肢动物（平行线蝗）和植物（欧洲冷杉、欧洲云杉、欧洲山毛榉、栎属），以阐明整个欧洲的总体趋势。在这10个分类单元的系统地理学中仅发现了很小程度的一致性，但可能的冰期后殖民路线表现出一些相似性。布鲁克斯简约分析产生了一个无根区域系统树，表明：（i）北部地区通常是从伊比利亚和巴尔干避难所殖民而来；（ii）由于阿尔卑斯屏障的存在，意大利谱系经常被隔离。对殖民路线的比较突出了四个主要的缝合带，不同避难所的谱系在那里相遇。谱系之间的一些种内遗传距离表明了第四纪前的分歧，这与任何特定的寒冷期都没有关联，但可能主要与每个分类单元到达欧洲大陆的时间有关。因此，到目前为止，分子遗传学在确定第四纪事件的年代方面似乎用处有限。
