Gerrard D F
School of Physical Education, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Sports Med. 1998 May;25(5):313-7. doi: 10.2165/00007256-199825050-00002.
Rugby football is associated with a number of biomechanical stresses which are frequently associated with knee injury. Consequently, there has been a significant interest within the game regarding the techniques of knee surgery and accelerated rehabilitation and the prophylactic use of external knee support. Knee bracing and strapping techniques are widely practised by rugby players but their results vary and there are mixed opinions over their usefulness. This article discusses the current trends in external knee support, draws on the experiences of other professional football codes and extrapolates these to the rugby union setting. Widespread opinion confirms that improper or incomplete rehabilitation is linked to re-injury. There is also a general acceptance that external support for the knee in sport should never be used to mask an injury. There is no evidence that the prophylactic taping of the knee joint provides any significant external stabilisation for more than the first few minutes of play. This lack of lasting stabilisation is due to the vigorous physical activity associated with rugby which results in a rapid loss of the custom fit of the external support to the profile of the joint. The taping the patella to reduce the pain associated with poor patellar alignment is considered to be effective; however, the correction of other biomechanical influences is also important. Adhesive tape, when applied correctly, will reposition the patella but this technique is limited by factors such as sweating and movement. A number of knee braces are currently available and these are classified according to their prophylactic, rehabilitative or functional design. In this article, their use in rugby applies to external support as an aid to rehabilitation rather than injury prevention.
橄榄球运动存在一些生物力学应力，这些应力常与膝关节损伤相关。因此，这项运动对膝关节手术技术、加速康复以及膝关节外部支撑物的预防性使用有着浓厚兴趣。膝关节支撑和绑扎技术在橄榄球运动员中广泛应用，但效果各异，其有效性也存在不同观点。本文讨论了膝关节外部支撑的当前趋势，借鉴了其他职业足球赛事的经验并将其推广至橄榄球联盟的情况。广泛的观点认为，不适当或不完整的康复与再次受伤有关。人们还普遍认为，运动中膝关节的外部支撑绝不应被用于掩盖损伤。没有证据表明膝关节预防性绑扎在比赛开始几分钟后还能提供任何显著的外部稳定作用。这种缺乏持久稳定作用的情况是由于橄榄球运动中剧烈的身体活动导致外部支撑与关节轮廓的贴合度迅速丧失。绑扎髌骨以减轻因髌骨排列不良引起的疼痛被认为是有效的；然而，纠正其他生物力学影响也很重要。正确粘贴的胶带会使髌骨复位，但这项技术受出汗和运动等因素限制。目前有多种膝关节支撑器具，它们根据预防性、康复性或功能性设计进行分类。在本文中，它们在橄榄球运动中的使用适用于作为康复辅助的外部支撑，而非用于预防损伤。
