La Manna A, Polito C, Cioce F, De Maria G, Capacchione A, Rocco C E, Papale M R, Romei L
3rd Pediatric Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Second University of Naples, Italy.
Pediatr Nephrol. 1998 Apr;12(3):214-7. doi: 10.1007/s004670050440.
Recognition of children at greatest risk for urolithiasis may allow early detection or prevention of stone formation. We report clinical data from 196 children aged 0.9-15.9 years in whom renal ultrasound examination revealed hyperechogenic spots in renal calyces less than 3 mm in diameter. We called this finding "calyceal microlithiasis" (CM). There was a history of urolithiasis in 70.4% of patients in at least one first- or second-degree relative. Presenting symptoms were recurrent abdominal pain, dysuria, and hematuria, occurring alone or in combination. Hematuria was the presenting symptom in 41% of patients and was the only urinary finding in more than one-third. Hypercalciuria was present in about one-third and hyperuricuria in one-fifth of the patients. Of 29 patients who were followed for at least 2 years, 9 developed calculi 4-7 mm in diameter. CM possibly represents the first step in calculus formation. The finding of CM might explain a number of symptoms and signs that are often mild and non-specific, thus reducing invasive diagnostic procedures.
识别出患尿石症风险最高的儿童，可能有助于早期发现或预防结石形成。我们报告了196名年龄在0.9至15.9岁儿童的临床数据，这些儿童的肾脏超声检查显示肾盏中有直径小于3毫米的高回声斑点。我们将这一发现称为“肾盏微结石症”（CM）。至少有70.4%的患者的一级或二级亲属中有尿石症病史。出现的症状为反复腹痛、排尿困难和血尿，这些症状可单独出现或同时出现。血尿是41%患者的首发症状，且是超过三分之一患者唯一的尿液检查异常。约三分之一的患者存在高钙尿症，五分之一的患者存在高尿酸尿症。在29名随访至少2年的患者中，9名患者形成了直径为4至7毫米的结石。CM可能代表结石形成的第一步。CM这一发现可能解释了许多通常较轻且非特异性的症状和体征，从而减少侵入性诊断程序。
