Letvin N L
The author is at Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
Science. 1998 Jun 19;280(5371):1875-80. doi: 10.1126/science.280.5371.1875.
Containment of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic will require an effective human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine. Accumulating evidence suggests that such a vaccine must efficiently elicit an HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response. Nonhuman primate models will continue to provide an important tool for assessing the extent of protective immunity induced by various immunization strategies. Although replication-competent AIDS viruses attenuated for pathogenicity by selective gene deletions have provided protective immunity in nonhuman primate models, the long-term safety of such vaccines in human populations is suspect. Inactivated virus and subunit vaccines have elicited neither CTLs nor antibodies capable of neutralizing a wide array of patient HIV-1 isolates. Considerable effort is now being focused on evaluating live vector-based vaccine and plasmid DNA vaccine approaches for preventing HIV-1 infection both in animal model and human studies. Our growing understanding of the biology of HIV-1 and immune responses to this virus will continue to suggest improved vaccination approaches for exploration.
控制获得性免疫缺陷综合征（艾滋病）的流行需要一种有效的1型人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV-1）疫苗。越来越多的证据表明，这样一种疫苗必须能有效地引发HIV-1特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（CTL）反应。非人灵长类动物模型将继续为评估各种免疫策略诱导的保护性免疫程度提供重要工具。尽管通过选择性基因缺失减毒的具有复制能力的艾滋病病毒已在非人灵长类动物模型中提供了保护性免疫，但这类疫苗在人类群体中的长期安全性仍受到质疑。灭活病毒疫苗和亚单位疫苗既不能引发CTL，也不能产生能够中和多种患者HIV-1分离株的抗体。目前，大量的努力都集中在评估基于活载体的疫苗和质粒DNA疫苗方法在动物模型和人体研究中预防HIV-1感染的效果。我们对HIV-1生物学特性以及针对该病毒的免疫反应的不断深入了解，将持续为探索改进的疫苗接种方法提供思路。
