Prum RO
Department of Systematics & Ecology and the Natural History Museum, University of Kansas
Anim Behav. 1998 Apr;55(4):977-94. doi: 10.1006/anbe.1997.0647.
I surveyed and described modulated, non-vocal, mechanical sounds of the lek-breeding Neotropical manakins (Pipridae). Variation among manakin species in mechanical sound production, repertoire size, acoustic structure, associated feather specialization, and mechanical sound production mechanisms were analysed comparatively in the context of a phylogenetic hypothesis for the family. Mechanical sound production has probably evolved five or six times independently and been lost once within the 42 species of manakins. Complex mechanical sound repertoires have also evolved independently several times. Acoustic structure of these sounds indicates that at least four different physical mechanisms of mechanical sound production have evolved: short, broad-frequency spectrum pulses; short, low-frequency pulses; aerodynamic vortices; and harmonic oscillations. All well-known mechanical sounds in manakins are associated with obvious wing movements and sexually dimorphic wing feather specializations. Both primary and secondary wing feather specializations have evolved convergently within the family for the production of short, broad-frequency mechanical sound pulses. Two less well-known manakin clades also have tail feather specializations that may function in mechanical sound production. A concentrated-changes test documented that the dynamic patterns of evolution in mechanical sound production in the polygynous manakins are highly unlikely by chance alone. Intersexual selection for acrobatic display may have created subsequent opportunities for the evolution of novel preferences for incidental non-vocal sounds produced by acrobatic movements. Novel female preferences for these mechanical sounds led to further elaboration of these sounds and to the evolution of complex mechanical sound repertoires in independent lineages of the family. Copyright 1998 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Copyright 1998 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.
我调查并描述了新热带侏儒鸟（侏儒鸟科）在求偶场繁殖时发出的调制非鸣声机械声音。在该科系统发育假说的背景下，对侏儒鸟物种间在机械声音产生、曲目大小、声学结构、相关羽毛特化以及机械声音产生机制方面的差异进行了比较分析。在42种侏儒鸟中，机械声音产生可能独立进化了五六次，且有一次消失。复杂的机械声音曲目也独立进化了几次。这些声音的声学结构表明，至少有四种不同的机械声音产生物理机制已经进化出来：短的、宽频谱脉冲；短的、低频脉冲；空气动力学涡旋；以及谐波振荡。侏儒鸟中所有已知的机械声音都与明显的翅膀动作和两性异形的翅膀羽毛特化有关。在该科中，初级和次级翅膀羽毛特化在进化上趋同，以产生短的、宽频率的机械声音脉冲。另外两个不太为人所知的侏儒鸟分支也有尾羽特化，可能在机械声音产生中发挥作用。一项集中变化测试表明，一夫多妻制侏儒鸟中机械声音产生的动态进化模式仅靠偶然出现的可能性极小。对杂技表演的两性间选择可能为对杂技动作产生的偶然非鸣声的新偏好的进化创造了后续机会。雌性对这些机械声音的新偏好导致了这些声音的进一步细化以及该科独立谱系中复杂机械声音曲目的进化。版权所有1998动物行为研究协会。版权所有1998动物行为研究协会。
