Titov V N
Vestn Ross Akad Med Nauk. 1998(4):3-7.
In accordance with the systemic approach, each circulatory transport system is highly specific and transports an elementary substance from cell to cell in the hydrated medium. In the author's opinion, the lipoprotein system has also a functional specificity and carries the elementary substance fatty acid in the blood stream. A great variety of fatty acids, the individuality of their physicochemical properties, great stereochemic differences of saturated and polyenic fatty acids make their transport virtually impossible. The steric individuality of fatty acids can be reduced if the acids are covalently bonded by a matrix as complex lipids. For formation of complex lipids, nature prefers esterification of fatty acids with alcohols which have a varying hydrophoby, such as glycerol, sphingosine, cholesterol, cetyl alcohol. The steric differences of saturated and polyenic fatty acids form a basis for their being structurized in different lipids. Triacyl glycerides are a transport form of saturated, monounsaturated fatty acids and their transforms and give rise to a crystalline phase. Phospholipids and cholesterol esters are a transport form of mainly polyunsaturated fatty acids in the polar phase in the former case and in the crystalline phase in the latter one. The individual apolipoproteins structure complex lipids into individual lipoprotein particles and transport them in the hydrated medium of blood flow. Saturated fatty acids chiefly transport lipoprotein particles formed by apoB-48- and apoB-100-isoproteins. Polyenic acids transport mainly high-density apoA-1-lipoprotein particles, which makes up a main physiological function of the latter. Cholesterol is nothing more than a matrix; it reesterifies polyenic fatty acids from the polar transport form of phospholipids into the unpolar transport form of cholesterol esters. Cholesterol esterification of polyenic fatty acids may structure complex lipid in the unpolar phase and transport it to the cells via apoB-100-ligand-receptor interaction, which is considered to be a key stage in the multistage process of active transport to the cells of polyenic fatty acids. However, the significant differences of active and inactive transport of polyenic fatty acids in the blood stream await a separate consideration.
根据系统方法，每个循环运输系统都具有高度特异性，可在水合介质中在细胞间运输基本物质。在作者看来，脂蛋白系统也具有功能特异性，并在血流中携带基本物质脂肪酸。种类繁多的脂肪酸、其物理化学性质的独特性、饱和脂肪酸和多烯脂肪酸在立体化学上的巨大差异使得它们的运输几乎不可能。如果脂肪酸通过作为复合脂质的基质共价结合，其空间独特性就可以降低。为了形成复合脂质，自然界更倾向于脂肪酸与具有不同疏水性的醇进行酯化反应，如甘油、鞘氨醇、胆固醇、十六醇。饱和脂肪酸和多烯脂肪酸的空间差异是它们在不同脂质中结构化的基础。三酰甘油是饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸及其转化产物的一种运输形式，并形成结晶相。磷脂和胆固醇酯在前一种情况下是主要多不饱和脂肪酸在极性相中的运输形式，在后一种情况下是在结晶相中的运输形式。单个载脂蛋白将复合脂质构建成单个脂蛋白颗粒，并在血流的水合介质中运输它们。饱和脂肪酸主要运输由载脂蛋白B - 48和载脂蛋白B - 100同工蛋白形成的脂蛋白颗粒。多烯酸主要运输高密度载脂蛋白A - 1脂蛋白颗粒，这构成了后者的主要生理功能。胆固醇只不过是一种基质；它将多烯脂肪酸从磷脂的极性运输形式重新酯化为胆固醇酯的非极性运输形式。多烯脂肪酸的胆固醇酯化可在非极性相中构建复合脂质，并通过载脂蛋白B - 100 - 配体 - 受体相互作用将其运输到细胞，这被认为是多烯脂肪酸向细胞主动运输的多阶段过程中的一个关键阶段。然而，多烯脂肪酸在血流中主动运输和非主动运输的显著差异有待单独考虑。
